Abstract
This paper contrasts the Genetic Algorithm (GA) strategies to solve the problem of Economic Dispatch (ED) in a Microgrid (MG). An environmental ED strategy for MG is proposed through maintaining the system reliability requirements at acceptable level. Two additional cost terms such as the CO2 emission penalties and load curtailment charges are added to the traditional objective function of the ED problem. Also, cost and reserve supply of the network are considered. Since the load curtailment cost is highly dependent to the network reliability indices, specifically those determining network inability to supply demand, the Expected Energy Not Served (EENS) reliability index is used to calculate the curtailment costs. By illustrating the advantages of Inherit Based Genetic Algorithm (IBGA) over the other two strategies, namely Simple Genetic Algorithm (SGA) and 3-matrices Genetic Algorithm (3MGA), IBGA is used to solve the proposed Reliable, Environmental Economic Dispatch (REED) problem in a MG.

Abstract
The structure and evolution of a scientific research community can be quantitatively assessed taking into account the interactions between scientific agents dispersed geographically. In the recent years, CSCW has stabilized as a cross-disciplinary field suffering significant changes in its core structure, and there is limited understanding about the factors influencing the nature and progress of collaborative computing research. In this paper, we measure the correlation between a set of features related to the influence of collaboration types on the number of citations as well as the geographical distribution of the accumulated contribution to the CSCW literature. Overall, our work can represent a starting point to demonstrate how the study of scientific collaboration can partly explain the variations in the number of citations, frequency of papers, and topics addressed.

Abstract
The Internet has changed the way people and businesses communicate. Social media is now seen as a marketing tool, as it influences the promotion of products and helps to raise brand awareness and recognition. Indeed, companies now want to build long-term relationships with clients through online channels, as they are more convenient, faster and reach a greater public. Our article emphasizes the role of social media as a driving force to promote online businesses and build a well-known brand. However, to build and manage customers’ relationships and loyalty, brands need to develop an online communication strategy that will help to promote the brand. Our case study focuses on the success story of Josefinas, a Portuguese luxury shoe brand. It was created exclusively online and became a well-known brand due to social media and digital influencers. However, is it enough for businesses to be online? To answer this question and to analyse the major role social media played in building Josefinas, our study involved two interviews and the analysis of secondary data. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.

Abstract
Augmented reality has seen an increased popularity among the last decades due to technological advances and, a consequent growth of the amount of augmented reality systems, became available. However, in order to diffuse this technology successfully, understand users' feelings when using augmented reality applications is considered a major issue. This study implemented this technology in a cultural heritage outdoor context and tested it in-situ to evaluate user's perspective regarding to personal satisfaction-including cultural enrichment acquired -, ease of use and their intention to use it. The results obtained, through questionnaires, presented the visitors acceptance regarding the usage of this type of solutions among a cultural heritage context, since it may become future visits more pleasant and desirable. The user's majority expressed the request to use this technology more often in cultural heritage spaces.

Abstract
This book describes the Optical Immersion Clearing method and its application to acquire information with importance for clinical practice and various fields of biomedical engineering. The method has proved to be a reliable means of increasing tissue transparency, allowing the investigator or surgeon to reach deeper tissue layers for improved imaging and laser surgery. This result is obtained by partial replacement of tissue water with an active optical clearing agent (OCA) that has a higher refractive index and is a better match for the refractive index of other tissue components. Natural tissue scattering is thereby reduced. An exponential increase in research using this method has occurred in recent years, and new applications have emerged, both in clinical practice and in some areas of biomedical engineering. Recent research has revealed that treating ex vivo tissues with solutions containing active OCAs in different concentrations produces experimental data to characterize drug delivery or to discriminate between normal and pathological tissues. The obtained drug diffusion properties are of interest for the pharmaceutical and organ preservation industry. Similar data can be estimated with particular interest for food preservation. The free water content evaluation is also of great interest since it facilitates the characterization of tissues to discriminate pathologies. An interesting new application that is presented in the book regards the creation of two optical windows in the ultraviolet spectral range through the application of the immersion method. These induced transparency windows open the possibility to diagnose and treat pathologies with ultraviolet light. This book presents photographs from the tissues we have studied and figures that represent the experimental setups used. Graphs and tables are also included to show the numerical results obtained in the sequential calculations performed.

Abstract
Along with the social evolution concept and the environmental concerns, the use of active transport modes is a suitable solution to face this new reality. Therefore, the cultural shift needed in order to promote the use of active modes, the use of bicycles as a viable transport mode, and the understanding of its impacts and characteristics becomes a present priority and concern. Based on the actual bicycle panorama and the Portuguese cycling strategies and guidelines, the GetGreen Company data, in the scope of the EducaBicla Program case study, is analysed and a future pathway is outlined. This study allows to create a sensitivity perception of the relation between the daily use of bicycles as a transport mode and its promotion among young ages population, i.e. the impact on sustainable and healthy daily mobility choices after having the knowledge provided by teaching/learning bicycle programs such as EducaBicla. In this paper are identified the main features/characteristics to be considered when implementing a bicycle teaching/learning project, ensuring progress towards the use of active, healthy and sustainable mobility modes; the appropriated age to start this program; and how this program can be expanded.