Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is responsible for the reduction of ribonucleotides into the correspondent 2'-deoxyribonucleotides in the only physiological process that yields the monomers of DNA. The enzyme has thus become an attractive target for chemotherapies that fight proliferation-based diseases, specifically cancer and infections by some viruses and parasites. 2'-Mercapto-2'-deoxyribonucleoside-5'-diphosphates (SHdNDP) are mechanism-based inhibitors of RNR and therefore potential chemotherapeutic agents for those indications. Previous experimental studies established the in vitro and in vivo activity of SHdNDP. In the in vitro studies, it was observed that the activity was dependent on the oxidative status of the medium, with the inactivation of RNR only occurring when molecular oxygen was available. To better understand the mechanism involved in RNR inactivation by SHdNDP, we performed theoretical calculations on the possible reactions between the inhibitors and the RNR active site. As a result, we propose the possible mechanistic pathways for the chemical events that occur in the absence and in the presence of O-2. They correspond to a refinement and a complement of those proposed in the literature.

Abstract
Traditional shared Ethernet networks have a non-deterministic behaviour, which impairs the support of real-time communication. In this paper, it is proposed a shared Ethernet deterministic architecture, able to interconnect sensors, controllers and actuators at the field level, allowing the coexistence of standard devices with enhanced (real-time). devices. Such solution is based on the control of the medium access right, by means of a virtual token passing procedure among enhanced stations, complemented by an underlying prioritization mechanism. Such underlying mechanism guarantees that, whenever an enhanced (real-time) station is contending for the bus access, it will be able to access the bus prior to any other station. Thus, it enables the traffic separation between standard and enhanced (real-time) stations, being able to guarantee real-time communication in unconstrained traffic environments.

Abstract
A sensing head for simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain is presented and analyzed. The proposed configuration is based on the combination of two Bragg gratings, written in different fibres and with different reflectivities, to form a single signature with a reflected step spectrum profile. This characteristic minimizes the spectrum allocated to each sensor in a series multiplexing topology. By measuring the changes in the peak wavelength and spectral width of this signature, resolutions of +/- 0.65 degrees C/root Hz and +/- 2.55 mu epsilon/root Hz were achieved for temperature and strain measurements, respectively.

Abstract
We propose a new approach to Inductive Logic Programming i that systematically exploits caching and offers a number of advantages over current systems. It avoids redundant computation, is more amenable to the use of set-oriented generation and evaluation of hypotheses, and allows relational DBMS technology to be more easily applied to ILP systems. Further, our approach opens up new avenues such as probabilistically scoring rules during search and the generation of probabilistic rules. As a first example of the benefits of our ILP framework, we propose a scheme for denning the hypothesis search space through Inverse Entailment using multiple example seeds. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

Abstract
Recently, there has been significant work in the integration of probabilistic reasoning with first order logic representations. Learning algorithms for these models have been developed and they all considered modifications in the entire structure. In a previous work we argued that when the theory is approximately correct the use of techniques from theory revision to just modify the structure in places that failed in classification can be a more adequate choice. To score these modifications and choose the best one the log likelihood was used. However, this function was shown not to be well-suited in the propositional Bayesian classification task and instead the conditional log likelihood should be used. In the present paper, we extend this revision system showing the necessity of using specialization operators even when there are no negative examples. Moreover, the results of a theory modified only in places that are responsible for the misclassification of some examples are compared with the one that was modified in the entire structure using three databases and considering four probabilistic score functions, including conditional log likelihood. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

Abstract
In this article, approaches reported in the literature for multi-parameter measurement relying on fiber grating technology are reviewed. Due to its importance, the particular case of temperature/strain simultaneous measurement is addressed in further detail, as well as the techniques and sensing heads for temperature-independent strain measurement. Specific criteria are also proposed for sensing head classification in the context of multi-parameter measurement.