Abstract
In this paper, we present a hybrid genetic algorithm for a version of the early/tardy scheduling problem in which no unforced idle time may be inserted in a sequence. The chromosome representation of the problem is based on random keys. The genetic algorithm is used to establish the order in which the jobs are initially scheduled, and a local search procedure is subsequently applied to detect possible improvements. The approach is tested on a set of randomly generated problems and compared with existing efficient heuristic procedures based on dispatch rules and local search. The computational results show that this new approach, although requiring slightly longer computational times, is better than the previous algorithms in terms of solution quality.

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Abstract
This paper presents an innovative approach in supporting the operation of complex equipment. The concept was developed in the context of the KoBaS project (Knowledge Based Customized Services for Traditional Manufacturing Sectors Provided by a Network of High Tech SMEs) whose main objectives are the development of new knowledge based tools for an intelligent use and management of more sophisticated manufacturing machines; and the creation of an innovative extended network of high-tech SMEs for use, customize, support and make business out of the new development tools. As a concrete example the paper presents a KoBaS solution based on the machine Maintenance. This solution allows one to know the machine condition, to detect and diagnose machine failures, to manage ordinary and extraordinary maintenance plans and maintenance work orders and to provide training support for maintenance interventions.

Abstract
The development of ontologies to unify and to put into context the different concepts and terms of the sometimes rather traditional and locally coloured construction industry domains is a necessary step to avoid misinterpretations and inefficient communication. The KNOW-CONSTRUCT project, as an approach to this task, decided to re-use, as far as possible, existing ontologies, classification systems and other semantic resources in order to develop a system for the integration, management and reuse of the area specific knowledge via a common knowledge base in order to consolidate and provide access to integrated knowledge, making community emergent knowledge a significant added value. Copyright © 2006 IFAC.

Abstract
We introduce a method for detecting downbeats in musical audio given a sequence of beat times. Using musical knowledge that lower frequency bands are perceptually more important, we find the spectral difference between band-limited beat synchronous analysis frames as a robust downbeat indicator. Initial results are encouraging for this type of system.

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