Abstract
Context: Mobile application testing has gained considerable attention in recent years since mobile devices have become increasingly present in our lives. Unlike traditional software, mobile application testing has to deal with peculiarities, such as screen size and densities, different operating systems, and multiple sensors that increase the complexity of testing. Objective: This paper summarizes and analyzes the current secondary studies on mobile application testing through a tertiary study. Method: We selected and analyzed 21 secondary studies related to mobile application testing. Results: We categorized 21 secondary studies according to their main and specific research topics, test objectives, and testing platforms. Furthermore, we analyze 87 gaps and challenges identified by the secondary studies to understand which gaps have already been addressed and which gaps are still uncovered. Conclusion: Based on the results, we propose a research agenda with 15 open challenges related to mobile application testing to help future research.

Abstract
This paper examines the concept of learning factories and their role in addressing contemporary challenges in the production sector. Learning factories integrate learning and production environments, offering hands-on experiences to develop essential competencies for modern manufacturing. Originating from initiatives like the Germany's "Lernfabriken" in the late 1980s and the National Science Foundation's funding in the 1990s, learning factories have gained global prominence. They serve as platforms for research, education, and workforce development, attracting students and workers from diverse sectors. Examples from Europe, the United States, and China illustrate various approaches to leveraging learning factories for industrial advancement and skill development. Overall, learning factories play a vital role in fostering innovation, enhancing competitiveness, and driving economic growth in the manufacturing sector. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Abstract
In collaborative energy communities, optimizing energy costs is a critical aspect of sustainable management. This article explores the potential benefits of applying clustering algorithms to vary retail tariffs monthly, aiming to reduce energy bills for the community as a whole. The article compares a traditional approach of applying the same tariff to all community members throughout the year with a novel approach of dynamically changing tariffs based on monthly clustering results. A case study is conducted, wherein energy bill costs per month are analyzed under different tariff scenarios utilizing k -means clustering. Results indicate that the proposed approach yields promising reductions in energy costs, up to 8.76% (1170.18 EUR) improvement compared to the traditional method. The study contributes valuable insights into the practical application of clustering in energy community management and highlights the potential for significant cost savings through dynamic tariff adjustments.

Abstract
The proliferation of explicit material online, particularly pornography, has emerged as a paramount concern in our society. While state-of-the-art pornography detection models already show some promising results, their decision-making processes are often opaque, raising ethical issues. This study focuses on uncovering the decision-making process of such models, specifically fine-tuned convolutional neural networks and transformer architectures. We compare various explainability techniques to illuminate the limitations, potential improvements, and ethical implications of using these algorithms. Results show that models trained on diverse and dynamic datasets tend to have more robustness and generalisability when compared to models trained on static datasets. Additionally, transformer models demonstrate superior performance and generalisation compared to convolutional ones. Furthermore, we implemented a privacy-preserving framework during explanation retrieval, which contributes to developing secure and ethically sound biometric applications. © 2024 IEEE.

Abstract
In the field of autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) landing, conventional approaches fall short in delivering not only the required precision but also the resilience against environmental disturbances. Yet, learning-based algorithms can offer promising solutions by leveraging their ability to learn the intelligent behaviour from data. On one hand, this paper introduces a novel multimodal transformer-based Deep Learning detector, that can provide reliable positioning for precise autonomous landing. It surpasses standard approaches by addressing individual sensor limitations, achieving high reliability even in diverse weather and sensor failure conditions. It was rigorously validated across varying environments, achieving optimal true positive rates and average precisions of up to 90%. On the other hand, it is proposed a Reinforcement Learning (RL) decision-making model, based on a Deep Q-Network (DQN) rationale. Initially trained in simulation, its adaptive behaviour is successfully transferred and validated in a real outdoor scenario. Furthermore, this approach demonstrates rapid inference times of approximately 5ms, validating its applicability on edge devices.

Abstract
The number of electric vehicles is increasing progressively for various reasons, including economic and environmental factors. There has also been a technological development regarding both the operation and charging of these vehicles. Therefore, it is very important to reinforce the charging infrastructure, which can be optimised through the application of computational tools. There are several approaches that should be considered when trying to find the best location for electric vehicles charging stations. In the literature, different methods are described that can be applied to address this specific issue, including optimisation methods and decision-making techniques such as multicriteria analysis. One of the possible limitations of these methods is that they may not consider all perspectives of the various entities involved, potentially resulting in solutions that do not fully represent the optimal outcome; nevertheless, they provide invaluable information that can be applied in the development of integrative models and potentially more comprehensive ones. This article presents a research and discussion on the most commonly used decision models for this issue, considering optimisation models and multi-criteria decision-making strategies for the adequate planning of EV charging station installation,taking into account the different perspectives of the involved entities.