Abstract
The Arrowhead Framework is a European effort that aims to apply Service Oriented Architecture to the embedded systems' world. The Event Handler system is a component that supports the handling of events, and in that sense it enriches service-oriented applications with the capabilities of interacting via the publish/subscribe paradigm. In fact, the Event Handler system is in charge of the notification of events that occur in a given Arrowhead compliant installation, manages producers and consumers of events, allows filtering of messages, and manages historical data regarding events. This latter capability is performed either on local files, on a database, or through another component of the Arrowhead Framework - the Historian system. The net result of the integration of the Event Handler in an Arrowhead Framework simplifies and empowers the communication of its components, as it is demonstrated in the paper with two examples: the management of application faults, and the support to quality of service of orchestrated services.

Abstract
This paper presents a road surface scanning system that operates with a trichromatic line scan camera with light emitting diode (LED) lighting achieving road surface resolution under a millimeter. It was part of a project named Roadkills-Intelligent systems for surveying mortality of amphibians in Portuguese roads, sponsored by the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation. A trailer was developed in order to accommodate the complete system with standalone power generation, computer image capture and recording, controlled lighting to operate day or night without disturbance, incremental encoder with 5000 pulses per revolution attached to one of the trailer wheels, under a meter Global Positioning System (GPS) localization, easy to utilize with any vehicle with a trailer towing system and focused on a complete low cost solution. The paper describes the system architecture of the developed prototype, its calibration procedure, the performed experimentation and some obtained results, along with a discussion and comparison with existing systems. Sustained operating trailer speeds of up to 30 km/h are achievable without loss of quality at 4096 pixels' image width (1 m width of road surface) with 250 mu m/pixel resolution. Higher scanning speeds can be achieved by lowering the image resolution (120 km/h with 1 mm/pixel). Computer vision algorithms are under development to operate on the captured images in order to automatically detect road-kills of amphibians.

Abstract
Although wind power generation has extended a maturity in technology, there are still many concerns regarding the optimal support of regulatory bodies for renewable resources. In this context, the regulatory body should form a market structure or consider market rules and regulations to not only attract investors to renewable power plants, but also provide an efficient market that reflects a safe and clear competition environment. In this paper, an agent-based game-theoretic model is developed to investigate the electricity market behavior under oligopoly circumstances. The proposed model reveals the potential of collusive and strategic behavior of market participants. By employing the proposed model, impacts of different supportive schemes on the behavior of the wind power producer and conventional thermal units are investigated. According to the results obtained, if the regulatory bodies do not consider strategic collusion of market participants, adverse consequences for wind power producers might happen in the long-term horizon. © 2016 IEEE.

Abstract
Smart grid solutions with enabling technologies such as energy management systems (EMSs) and smart meters promote the vision of smart households, which also allows for active demand side in the residential sector. These technologies enable the control of residential consumption, local small-scale generation, and energy storage systems to respond to time-varying prices. However, shifting loads simultaneously to lower price periods is likely to put extra stress on distribution system assets such as distribution transformers. Especially, additional new types of loads/appliances such as electric vehicles (EVs) can introduce even more burden on the operation of these assets, which is an issue that needs special attention. Such extra stress can cause accelerated aging of distribution system assets and significantly affect the reliability of the system. In this paper, the impact of a smart neighborhood load on distribution transformer aging is investigated. The EMS of each household is designed to respond to prices and other signals emitted by the responsive load serving entity within the relevant demand response strategy. An optimization framework based on mixed-integer linear programming is presented in order to define the EMS structure. Then, the equivalent aging of the distribution transformer is examined with a thermal model under different scenarios. The case studies that are presented indicate that the integration of EVs in residential premises may indeed cause accelerated aging of the distribution transformers, while the need to investigate the efficiency of dynamic pricing mechanisms is rendered evident.

Abstract

Abstract
A Subgraph Census (determining the frequency of smaller subgraphs in a network) is an important computational task at the heart of several graph mining algorithms. Here we focus on the g-tries, an efficient state-of-the art data structure. Its algorithm makes extensive use of the graph primitive that checks if a certain edge exists. The original implementation used adjacency matrices in order to make this operation as fast as possible, as is the case with most past approaches. This representation is very expensive in memory usage, limiting the applicability. In this paper we study a number of possible approaches that scale linearly with the number of edges. We make an extensive empirical study of these alternatives in order to find an efficient hybrid approach that combines the best representations. We achieve a performance that is less than 50% slower than the adjacency matrix on average (almost 3 times more efficient than a naive binary search implementation), while being memory efficient and tunable for different memory restrictions. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016.