Abstract
Location tracking is an essential problem for mobility-based applications that facilitate the daily life of Smartphone users. Existing applications often use energy-hungry sensors like GPS or gyroscope to detect significant journeys. Recent research has often focused on optimizing energy consumption. As a result, approaches were proposed using sensors fusions, hybrid or eventual sensors selection. However, such research largely neglects the performance in underground tracking of automotive mobility. Possible solutions, such as those involving barometers, have well-known issues regarding performance. Oppositely, although energy-friendly, accelerometers are often overlooked based on the assumption that pattern extraction is hard due to over-noisy characteristics of the signal. In this paper, we propose a ready-to-use Framework for underground train tracking. This Framework uses an adaptive Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) to process the Accelerometer data. We run an empirical study using data collected from Smartphone embedded accelerometers, to track departings and arrivals of the trains in four large European cities. Results show that: 1) the Framework is able to accurately locate the trains; 2) SSA adds improvements compared to Butterworth filters and complementary filter with sensors fusion.

Abstract
Purpose This paper aims to propose a translation library capable of generating robots proprietary code after their offline programming has been performed in a software application, named AdaptPack Studio, running over a robot simulation and offline programming software package. Design/methodology/approach The translation library, named AdaptPack Studio Translator, is capable to generate proprietary code for the Asea Brown Boveri, FANUC, Keller und Knappich Augsburg and Yaskawa Motoman robot brands, after their offline programming has been performed in the AdaptPack Studio application. Findings Simulation and real tests were performed showing an improvement in the creation, operation, modularity and flexibility of new robotic palletizing systems. In particular, it was verified that the time needed to perform these tasks significantly decreased. Practical implications The design and setup of robotics palletizing systems are facilitated by an intuitive offline programming system and by a simple export command to the real robot, independent of its brand. In this way, industrial solutions can be developed faster, in this way, making companies more competitive. Originality/value The effort to build a robotic palletizing system is reduced by an intuitive offline programming system (AdaptPack Studio) and the capability to export command to the real robot using the AdaptPack Studio Translator. As a result, companies have an increase in competitiveness with a fast design framework. Furthermore, and to the best of the author's knowledge, there is also no scientific publication formalizing and describing how to build the translators for industrial robot simulation and offline programming software packages, being this a pioneer publication in this area.

Abstract
The business models of banks are often seen as the result of a variety of simultaneously determined managerial choices, such as those regarding the types of activities, funding sources, level of diversification, and size. Moreover, owing to the fuzziness of data and the possibility that some banks may combine features of different business models, the use of hard clustering methods has often led to poorly identified business models. In this paper we propose a framework to deal with these challenges based on an ensemble of three unsupervised clustering methods to identify banking business models: fuzzy c-means (which allows us to handle fuzzy clustering), self-organizing maps (which yield intuitive visual representations of the clusters), and partitioning around medoids (which circumvents the presence of data outliers). We set up our analysis in the context of the European banking sector, which has seen its regulators increasingly focused on examining the business models of supervised entities in the aftermath of the twin financial crises. In our empirical application, we find evidence of four distinct banking business models and further distinguish between banks with a clearly defined business model (core banks) and others (non-core banks), as well as banks with a stable business model over time (persistent banks) and others (non-persistent banks). Our proposed framework performs well under several robustness checks related with the sample, clustering methods, and variables used.

Abstract
This study offers an overview of the H2020 InterConnect project, which targets the relation between smart homes and distribution grids. The project vision is to produce a digital marketplace, using an interoperable marketplace toolbox and Smart appliances REference Ontology (SAREF) compliant Internet of Things (IoT) reference architecture as the main backbone, through which all SAREF-ized services, compliant devices, platform enablers and applications can be downloaded onto IoT and smart grid digital platforms. Energy users in buildings, either residential or non-residential, manufacturers, distribution grid operators and the energy retailers will work together towards the demonstration of the smart energy management solutions in seven connected large-scale test-sites in Portugal, Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Greece and France. This study depicts how InterConnect project will enhance the relation and the interconnectivity between smart buildings and grids safeguarding the definition of the role of each stakeholder in energy and non-energy services.

Abstract
Despite the existence of Vocational Education and Training (VET) programmes allowing dual certification (general school and vocational diplomas), the main aim of vocational courses is arguably the insertion of young people in the labour market. Still, there is a diversification of pathways for upper secondary vocational students, including continuing studies at a tertiary level. In fact, international statistics point to the increased number of vocational students that choose to pursue studies at a higher level, encouraged, among several motivations, by the quest for social mobility. Despite the relevance of this theme, studies that explore students' pathways after the completion of upper secondary vocational education are still scarce. To fill this gap, the paper synthesizes and reviews literature contributions with the purpose of identifying the factors that explain the adoption of each of the pathways (working, continuing to study or neither) by upper secondary education VET students. As a result, the article discusses a list of factors associated with career choices after completion of VET secondary studies and proposes a set of questions for future research. Overall, this paper shows that VET deserves urgent consideration by researchers and offers valuable insights for academics, students, parents and decision makers alike.

Abstract
Irregular packing problems (also known as nesting problems) belong to the more general class of cutting and packing problems and consist of allocating a set of irregular and regular pieces to larger rectangular or irregular containers, while minimizing the waste of material or space. These problems combine the combinatorial hardness of cutting and packing problems with the computational difficulty of enforcing the geometric non-overlap and containment constraints. Unsurprisingly, nesting problems have been addressed, both in the scientific literature and in real-world applications, by means of heuristic and metaheuristic techniques. However, more recently a variety of mathematical models has been proposed for nesting problems. These models can be used either to provide optimal solutions for nesting problems or as the basis of heuristic approaches based on them (e.g. matheuristics). In both cases, better solutions are sought, with the natural economic and environmental positive impact. Different modeling options are proposed in the literature. We review these mathematical models under a common notation framework, allowing differences and similarities among them to be highlighted. Some insights on weaknesses and strengths are also provided. By building this structured review of mathematical models for nesting problems, research opportunities in the field are proposed.