Abstract
Today’s cloud computing techniques are becoming unsustainable for real time applications as very low latency is required with billions of connected devices. New paradigms are arising; the one that offers an integrated solution for extending cloud resources to the edge of the network and addresses current cloud issues is Fog Computing. Performing Fog Computing brings a set of challenges such as: provisioning edge nodes to perform task volumes downloaded from the Cloud; placing task volumes on edge nodes; resource management on edge nodes; need for a new programming model; programming, resource management, data consistency service discovery challenges; privacy and security and improving the quality of service (QoS) and user experience (QoE). This paper aims at introducing the Fog Computing concept and it presents a literature review on the way it is applied: context-sensitive applications and context-sensitive mobile service platforms. The result of the study is presented as the current research challenges for context aware mobile applications in Fog Computing infrastructure. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

Abstract
Monitoring current communication networks and services is an increasingly complex task as a result of a growth in the number and variety of components involved. Moreover, different perspectives on network monitoring and optimisation policies must be considered to meet context-dependent monitoring requirements. To face these demanding expectations, this article proposes a semantic-based approach to support the flexible configuration of context-aware network monitoring, where traffic sampling is used to improve efficiency. Thus, a semantic layer is proposed to provide with a standard and interoperable description of the elements, requirements and relevant features in the monitoring domain. On top of this description, semantic rules are applied to make decisions regarding monitoring and auditing policies in a proactive and context-aware manner. Use cases focusing on traffic accounting and traffic classification as monitoring tasks are also provided, demonstrating the expressiveness of the ontology and the contribution of smart SWRL rules for recommending optimised configuration profiles.

Abstract
During this still increasing mobile devices proliferation age, much of human-computer interaction involves text input, and the task of typing text is provided via virtual keyboards. In a mobile setting, energy consumption is a key concern for both hardware manufacturers and software developers. Virtual keyboards are software applications, and thus, inefficient applications have a negative impact on the overall energy consumption of the underlying device. Energy consumption analysis and optimization of mobile software is a recent and active area of research. Surprisingly, there is no study analyzing the energy efficiency of the most used software keyboards and evaluating the performance advantage of its features. In this paper, we studied the energy performance of five of the most used virtual keyboards in the Android ecosystem. We measure and analyze the energy consumption in different keyboard scenarios, namely with or without using word prediction. This work presents the results of two studies: one where we instructed the keyboards to simulate the writing of a predefined input text, and another where we performed an empirical study with real users writing the same text. Our studies show that there exist relevant performance differences among the most used keyboards of the considered ecosystem, and it is possible to save nearly 18% of energy by replacing the most used keyboard in Android by the most efficient one. We also showed that is possible to save both energy and time by disabling keyboard intrinsic features and that the use of word suggestions not always compensate for energy and time. © 2020 ACM.

Abstract
The significant evolution of smartphones has given ordinary people the power to create good-quality content which can then be spread, by the press, over multiple platforms. Citizens are almost always the first ones to arrive at a breaking news location and can provide the initial images of the scene. However, existing crowdsourced tools and platforms are predominantly centralized and are usually fed with unreliable and untrustworthy information. This work introduces a Crowd Journalism ecosystem whose core is a video marketplace web tool based on an organization-level decentralized system that can store, visualize, rate, and execute transactions of live-made videos. Smart contracts ensure that all the transactions are transparent and secure. This approach to Crowd Journalism exploits the inherent features of a blockchain such as offering trustful, anonymized, and immutable transactions, which has the potential to revolutionize the way news content is shared and commercially exploited.

Abstract
This study is about technology and sport. Namely, the study is about the influence of technology in golf. In order to ascertain the impact of technology in golf interviews were performed with two groups of players – professional women golfers and senior professional male golfers (over 50 years of age and playing the senior circuit). The interviews (to a total of 44) were performed at two main international competitions, both in the UK and in the summer of 2019. The same questions were posed to both groups and the ladies (mostly millennials) showed themselves to be more open to new technologies to be used in training. The technology referred to is called TrackMan. TrackMan-type technology appeared first in the military industry, to track bullets and missiles, and has since been transferred to sport – including to golf, baseball and football. This technology may track the path of both the ball and the club before, during and after impact. The study shows that older generations may be more alienated from more recent technologies – not only in society in general but also in sport.

Abstract
Manufacturing environments commonly present uncertainties and unexpected schedule disruptions. The literature has shown that in these environments simple and fast dynamic dispatching rules are efficient sequencing methods. However, most of the works in the automated designing of these rules have considered deterministic processing times. This work aims to design dispatching rules for problem settings similar to the ones found in real environments such as uncertain processing times and sequence-dependent setup times. We use Genetic Programming to generate efficient rules for stochastic job shops with setup times. We show that the generated rules outperform benchmark dispatching rules, specially in settings with high setup time levels. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.