José Coelho Rodrigues

Abstract
The beginning of the 21st century brought a new Industrial Revolution - the 4th Industrial Revolution which assumes that each physical object is equipped with an integrated technology that allows its connection with other objects. Therefore, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are becoming essential elements to be implemented in the companies’ workspace in order to improve their production efficiency and flexibility by bringing digitalisation to the production processes. The implementation of these CPSs creates several changes for companies’ operations that are expected to have a deep impact in human workers. A lack of studies on the social impact of the use of CPSs has been identified and, through a comprehensive literature review, this work aims at contributing for this discussion by defining a questionnaire about the topic. In the future, this questionnaire is intended to be sent to companies to collect data from their C-level managers about the use of CPSs applied to manufacturing. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Abstract

Abstract
Previous literature shows that there are different environmental factors with different impacts on the adoption of technologies in a supply chain context. Thus, the adoption of technologies in supply chains may vary according to different environmental factors. Despite the existence of several studies about adoption of technologies in supply chain contexts that include environmental factors, there is a gap in identifying which environmental factors influence the adoption of digitalization technologies in supply chains. The purpose of this study is therefore to identify and analyze the environmental factors that influence the adoption of digitalization technologies in the supply chain. An exploratory qualitative research was conducted using semi-structured interviews with Portuguese managers of companies at several tiers of the automotive supply chain. Environmental factors were pointed as particularly critical drivers to promote the adoption of digitalization technologies in the automotive supply chain. Such adoption is mainly driven by the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), through coercive and normative pressures over the other tiers of the supply chain. Relevant factors identified are: Compliance with standards and legislation, market and industry pressures, and benchmark the evolution of supply chain partners. This study contributes to the literature with new knowledge concerning new specificities of the environmental factors that showed an important influence on the adoption decision. © 2019 IEEE.

Abstract
The Business Model is recognized as a valuable tool that helps companies leverage their competitive advantage while dealing with market uncertainty. It enables startups to organize in an efficient way, helping them to rapidly adapt to the different challenges they might face.By using a multiple case study this research aims at understanding how and why startups commercializing technology-based products that support healthcare providing activities changed their business model in the path to a sustainable growth. Based on the Business Model Canvas (BMC), it was possible to analyze different approaches used by those startups to face the challenges encountered. Three main challenges were identified that drove change in the business models: Lack of knowledge about the customers' needs, lack of knowledge about the best fitting configuration of a standard product to the market, and lack of knowledge about configuration and interests of the different players. Moreover, even though the literature argues that business model evolution is driven by market and technology conditions, the business models of the startups included in this study changed exclusively due to market conditions. © 2019 IEEE.

Abstract