Abstract
[No abstract available]

Abstract
For reconfigurable radios where the signals can be easily routed from one band to another band, new radio frequency switches (RF) are a fundament. The main factor driving the power consumption of the reconfigurable intelligent system (RIS) is the need for an intermediate device with static power consumption to maintain a certain surface configuration state. Since power usage scales quadratically with the RIS area, there is a relevant interest in mitigating this drawback so that this technology can be applied to everyday objects without needing such a high intrinsic power consumption. Current switch technologies such as PIN diodes, and field effect transistors (FETs) are volatile electronic devices, resulting in high static power. In addition, dynamic power dissipation related to switching event is also considerable. Regarding energy efficiency, non-volatile radio frequency resistive switch (RFRS) concept may be better alternative solution due to several advantages: smaller area, zero-hold voltage, lower actuation bias for operation, short switching time, scalability and capable to be fabricated in the backend-of-line of standard CMOS process.

Abstract
In this chapter, we describe the design and implementation of a Pedagogical Innovation Center (PIC) at the Polytechnic of Porto. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted our day to day lives, our businesses, the world trade and movements. Education was not spared. In fact, it was one of the sectors most heavily affected by COVID-19 pandemic. Teachers were forced, from night to day, to adjust a purely face-to-face teaching style, to a 100\% online set. This is known as emergency remote teaching. Several difficulties have arisen both for teachers and students. The first had to structure all their teaching materials from scratch, had to design and apply new assessment methods, and struggled to get their students' motivation. On their side, the students lacked engagement, social interaction with peers and teachers, the ability to have a more autonomous learning style. © 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved.

Abstract
The underwater environment has some structures that still need regular inspection. However, the nature of this environment presents a number of challenges in achieving accurate vehicle position and consequently successful image similarity detection. Although there are some factors - water turbidity or light attenuation - that degrade the quality of the captured images, visual sensors have shown a strong impact on mission scenarios - close range operations. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study whether these data are capable of addressing the aforementioned underwater challenges on their own. Considering the lack of available data in this context, a typical underwater scenario was recreated using the Stonefish simulator. Experiments were conducted on two predefined trajectories containing appearance scene changes. The loop closure situations provided by the bag-of-words (BoW) approach are correctly detected, but it is sensitive to some severe conditions.

Abstract
The World Health Organization estimates that around 1.3 billion people worldwide are affected by some form of impairment. Ensuring accessibility of mobile applications has become imperative to meet the requirements of this group. Mobile accessibility involves the process of making mobile applications more inclusive for individuals with disabilities using mobile devices. This paper investigates the strong need for effective methodologies to evaluate the accessibility of mobile applications, particularly with the recent implementation of the Web Accessibility Directive in Europe. By reviewing existing research, analyzing monitoring reports from European Union Member States, and conducting interviews with mobile accessibility evaluators, this study identifies limitations in current evaluation methodologies and provides some insights into the challenges faced by evaluators. The findings reveal that there is no universally adopted methodology for evaluating the accessibility of mobile applications. Evaluators either adapt existing methodologies designed for web accessibility or develop their own approaches. The absence of specific guidelines for mobile accessibility poses a challenge, with evaluators often having to interpret web-focused documents. The lack of comprehensive automated tools for mobile accessibility evaluation further complicates the process. Through this research, it is anticipated that improvements in mobile application accessibility evaluations will contribute to creating more inclusive mobile experiences for all individuals.

Abstract
These are the short papers proceedings of the 3rd Symposium of Applied Science for Young Researchers – SASYR. This scientific event welcomed works by junior researchers on any research topic covered by the following three research centers: ADiT-lab (from IPVC, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo), 2Ai (from IPCA, Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave) and CeDRI (from IPB, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança). The main objective of SASYR is to provide a friendly and relaxed environment for young researchers to present their work, discuss recent results, and develop new ideas. In this way, this event offered an opportunity for the ADiT-lab, 2Ai, and CeDRI research communities to gather synergies and promote collaborations, thus improving the quality of their research. The SASYR 2023 took place at Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave, Barcelos, Portugal, on the 11th of July, 2023.