Abstract
The assessment of differences between skeletal age and chronological age in childhood is often based on the comparison of the patient's left hand x-ray with a reference atlas, performed by a experienced professional. This procedure involves a manual image analysis, that can be subject to inter rater variability posing several problems for clinical applications. In this paper a new methodology for skeleton maturation estimation based on automatic hand X-ray assessment for pediatric applications on a low resource devices (e.g. mobile device) is proposed. The pipeline covers hand-area estimation and bone-area estimation to achieve maturation scores which are then indexed with references images, separately for male and female. The proposed approach is based on simple image processing functions always bearing in mind the application on a mobile context. The involved steps are thoroughly presented and all the used functions are explained. The performance of the system was then evaluated using the complete pipeline. The obtained results pointed to an average error rate of 15,38 +/- 3,31%, which is subject to improvements. In particular, contrast enhancement in some lower quality images still offers some challenges.

Abstract
As atividades assíncronas no ensino online requerem um acompanhamento regular por parte dos docentes. Esse acompanhamento acompanha duas dimensões: a de grupo, atendendo às dinâmicas globais da turma; e a individual, atendendo às ações de cada estudante. Estando habitualmente estruturadas em tópicos com duração limitada no tempo, a preponderância destas dimensões altera-se nas necessidades de dedicação e intervenção docente. Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma estratégia de apoio à planificação e desenvolvimento da atividade docente, que decompõe essas atividades de acompanhamento e intervenção em cinco marcos temporais. Pretende esta estratégia permitir ao docente identificar os aspetos mais prementes para recolha, de forma praticável, de elementos que possam informar a sua decisão de intervenção pedagógica.

Abstract
There is a clear gap in the literature on comparing entrepreneurship in urban and rural areas and analysing distinct differences between them, impacting their survival and growth. This study aims to find the motivations and classifications of success for urban and rural entrepreneurs. A case study approach was adopted, with six cases on urban and rural Scottish enterprises. These contrasting motivations and conceptions of success have been linked to the way companies strategise. Our findings contribute to the literature by adding an understanding of the motivations of entrepreneurs in rural and urban businesses, respectively. Further, the study was conducted in Scotland, which adds a subsequent understanding of the motivations of entrepreneurs within the country specifically, which can be used in future research within the country.

Abstract
This tool paper presents Caos: a methodology and a programming framework for computer-aided design of structural operational semantics for formal models. This framework includes a set of Scala libraries and a workflow to produce visual and interactive diagrams that animate and provide insights over the structure and the semantics of a given abstract model with operational rules. Caos follows an approach in which theoretical foundations and a practical tool are built together, as an alternative to foundations-first design (tool justifies theory) or tool-first design (foundations justify practice). The advantage of Caos is that the tool-under-development can immediately be used to automatically run numerous and sizeable examples in order to identify subtle mistakes, unexpected outcomes, and unforeseen limitations in the foundations-under-development, as early as possible. We share two success stories of Caos' methodology and framework in our own teaching and research context, where we analyse a simple while-language and a choreographic language, including their operational rules and the concurrent composition of such rules. We further discuss how others can include Caos in their own analysis and Scala tools.

Abstract
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been a watershed moment in human history, causing a profound shift in the global landscape that has affected every aspect of our lives [...]

Abstract
The fast development and adoption of IoT technologies has been enabling their application into increasingly sensitive domains, such as Medical and Industrial IoT, in which safety and cyber-security are paramount. While the number of deployed IoT devices increases annually, they still present severe cyber-security vulnerabilities, becoming potential targets and entry points for further attacks. As these nodes become compromised, attackers aim to set up stealthy communication behaviours, to exfiltrate data or to orchestrate nodes in a cloaked fashion, and network timing covert channels are increasingly being used with such malicious intents. The IEEE 802.15.4 is one of the most pervasive protocols in IoT and a fundamental part of many communication infrastructures. Despite this fact, the possibility of setting up such covert communication techniques on this medium has received very little attention. We aim to analyse the performance and feasibility of such covert-channel implementations upon the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, particularly upon the DSME behaviour, one of the most promising for large-scale time critical communications. This enables us to better understand the involved risk of such threats and help support the development of active cyber-security mechanisms to mitigate these threats, which, for now, we provide in the form of practical network setup recommendations.