Abstract
Version vectors play a central role in update tracking under optimistic distributed systems, allowing the detection of obsolete or inconsistent versions of replicated data. Version vectors do not have a bounded representation; they are based on integer counters that grow indefinitely as updates occur. Existing approaches to this problem are scarce; the mechanisms proposed are either unbounded or operate only under specific settings. This paper examines version vectors as a mechanism for data causality tracking and clarifies their role with respect to vector clocks. Then, it introduces bounded stamps and proves them to be a correct alternative to integer counters in version vectors. The resulting mechanism, bounded version vectors, represents the first bounded solution to data causality tracking between replicas subject to local updates and pairwise symmetrical synchronization.

Abstract
This Doctoral Consortium paper focuses on Extreme Adaptivity, a set of top level requirements for adaptive hypertext systems, which has resulted from one year of examining the adaptive hypertext landscape. The complete specification of a system, KnowledgeAtoms, is also given, mainly as an example of Extreme Adaptivity. Additional methodological elements are discussed.

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a GRASP for the solution of general linear integer problems. The strategy is based on the separation of the set of variables into the integer subset and the continuous subset. The integer variables are fixed by GRASP and replaced in the original linear problem. If the original. problem had continuous variables, it becomes a pure continuous problem, which can be solved by a linear program solver to determine the objective value corresponding to the fixed variables. If the original problem was a pure integer problem, simple algebraic manipulations can be used to determine the objective value that corresponds to the fixed variables. When we assign values to integer variables that lead to an impossible linear problem, the evaluation of the corresponding solution is given by the sum of infeasibilities, together with an infeasibility flag. We report results obtained for some standard benchmark problems, and compare them to those obtained by branch-and-bound and to those obtained by an evolutionary solver.

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present a concept for configuring dynamic and ready-to-implement supply network structures. This concept is based on a (real) business case from the fashion industry where order, logistics and production management processes are entirely consumer-driven. Only after the consumer has configured and customised his made-to-measure fashion product and placed his order, the actual constellation of partners in the supply network is determined and business processes initiated. The focus of the paper is on the methodological approach of defining and modelling the underlying business model. © 2004 by Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Abstract
In this study an optical fibre sensor system was conceived for simultaneous detection of the strain and the acoustic emission due to damage. It consists of a fibre Bragg grating and a Fabry-Perot interferometer. For the interrogation of the Fabry-Perot cavity, an innovative low cost process based on the generation of two quadrature phase-shifted signals using two fibre Bragg gratings was implemented, allowing the recovery of the change in the cavity length. An automated processing system, based on Kohonen's self-organizing maps is also presented, for future classification of the acoustic emission waves detected by the optic fibre sensor.

Abstract
In order to assess the influence of social desirability in a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), 483 Portuguese university students (133 women and 350 men) were recruited to a two-part self-administered questionnaire: the first part included the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale (M-CSDS), physical activity data and self-reported height and weight; the second part, a validated semiquantitative FFQ. All subjects completed the first part of the questionnaire but only 40.2% returned the FFQ fairly completed (no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups, for any of the variables studied). Statistical analysis included reliability and test–retest of M-CSDS, correlation and general linear model (GLM). The Cronbach's alpha of M-CSDS was 0.64 and a test–retest correlation of 0.80 was obtained in a subsample of 35 subjects who completed the scale twice. We found a significantly positive correlation between social desirability and vitamin E for women; when adjusted for physical activity, body mass index and energy, social desirability was positively correlated with vitamin E, magnesium and fibre for women; and vitamin C, magnesium and fibre, for men. In GLM, social desirability produced a significant upward bias in dietary fibre, sugars, ß-carotene, vitamins C, E, magnesium, potassium and iodine, for women; and in dietary fibre, pufa n-3, folate, vitamins C, E, magnesium, manganese and potassium, for men. In GLM, and for both genders, social desirability produced a significant upward bias in vegetable consumption. Moreover, social desirability produced for women a significant downward bias in white bread, onion and beer, and for men in biscuits. © 2017 Wiley.