Abstract
In most challenging applications learning algorithms acts in dynamic environments where the data is collected over time. A desirable property of these algorithms is the ability of incremental incorporating new data in the actual decision model. Several incremental learning algorithms have been proposed. However most of them make the assumption that the examples are drawn from a stationary distribution [13]. The aim of this study is to present a detection system (DSKC) for regression problems. The system is modular and works as a post-processor of a regressor. It is composed by a regression predictor, a Kalman filter and a Cumulative Sum of Recursive Residual (CUSUM) change detector. The system continuously monitors the error of the regression model. A significant increase of the error is interpreted as a change in the distribution that generates the examples over time. When a change is detected, the actual regression model is deleted and a new one is constructed. In this paper we tested DSKC with a set of three artificial experiments, and two real-world datasets: a Physiological dataset and a clinic dataset of Sleep Apnoea. Sleep Apnoea is a common disorder characterized by periods of breathing cessation (apnoea) and periods of reduced breathing (hypopnea) [7]. This is a real-application where the goal is to detect changes in the signals that monitor breathing. The experimental results showed that the system detected changes fast and with high probability. The results also showed that the system is robust to false alarms and can be applied with efficiency to problems where the information is available over time.

Abstract
The Watson distribution is frequently used for modeling axial data. In this paper, we present goodness-of-fit methods for the bipolar Watson distribution defined on the hypersphere. We analyze by simulation some questions concerning these tests: the adequacy of the asymptotic chi-square distribution used in the tests and the adequacy of using the tabulated critical values for the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic when the parameters of the bipolar Watson distribution are unknown. We illustrate these techniques with simulated data from this distribution.

Abstract
In the 2005 Portuguese Parliament General Elections there were non-valid experiments of e-voting at five voting places and also through the Internet. Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto audited such experiments. Relevant security, transparency, usability and accessibility evaluation criteria and sub-criteria were defined, and an auditing procedure based on AHP was established. This paper shortly presents the methodology used, the four e-voting systems and the main results of the overall experiment. The systems could be used successfully and were extremely popular with voters. However, more information to the citizens and to the officials involved in the e-voting process would be required for a valid election. The systems also need to be improved, for instance, to make sure that the number of votes electronically cast is the same as the number of voters that were validated and actually registered to vote at any particular site on the Election Day.

Abstract
In this work, we present a fiber Bragg grating interrogation based on high-birefringence fiber loop mirror for strain-temperature discrimination. Due to spectral response of the optical filters it is possible to determine the variation of the wavelength and the optical power of the Bragg grating sensor when subject to strain or temperature. Maximum errors of +/- 0.4 degrees C and 12 mu epsilon are reported over 80 degrees C and 2000 mu epsilon measurement ranges. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Abstract
Modern Java Compilers, such as Sun's HotSpot compilers, implement a number of optimizations, ranging from high-level program transformations to low-level architecure dependent operations such as instruction scheduling. In a Just-in-Time (JIT) environment, the impact of each optimization must be weighed against its cost in terms of total runtime. Towards better understanding the usefulness of individual optimizations, we study the main optimizations available on Sun HotSpot compilers for a wide range of scientific and non-scientific benchmarks, weighing their cost and benefits in total runtime. We chose the HotSpot technology because it is state of the art and its source code is available. © J.UCS.

Abstract
Can entanglement and the quantum behavior in physical systems survive at arbitrary high temperatures? In this Letter we show that this is the case for a electromagnetic field mode in an optical cavity with a movable mirror in a thermal state. We also identify two different dynamical regimes of generation of entanglement separated by a critical coupling strength.