Abstract
The Electronic Medical Record (EMR) is a very important support tool for patients and healthcare professionals but it has some barriers that prevent its successful integration within the healthcare practice. These barriers comprise not only security concerns but also costs, in terms of time and effort, as well as relational and educational issues that can hinder its proper use. Access control is an essential part of the EMR and provides for its confidentiality by checking if a user has the necessary rights to access the resources he/she requested. This paper comprehensively reviews the published material about access control in healthcare. The review reveals that most of the access control systems that are published in the literature are just studies or prototypes in which healthcare professionals and patients did not participate in the definition of the access control policies, models or mechanisms. Healthcare professionals usually needed to change their workflow patterns and adapt their tasks and processes in order to use the systems. If access control could be improved according to the users' needs and be properly adapted to their workflow patterns we hypothesise that some of the barriers to the effective use of EMR could be reduced. Then EMR could be more successfully integrated into the healthcare practice and provide for better patient treatment.

Abstract
Coupled transformations occur in software evolution when multiple artifacts must be modified in such a way that they remain consistent with each other. An important example involves the coupled transformation of a data type, its instances, and the programs that consume or produce it. Previously, we have provided a formal treatment of transformation of the first two: data types and instances. The treatment involved the construction of type-safe, type-changing strategic rewrite systems. In this paper, we extend our treatment to the transformation of corresponding data processing programs. The key insight underlying the extension is that both data migration functions and data processors can be represented type-safely by a generalized abstract data type (GADT). These representations are then subjected to program calculation rules, harnessed in type-safe, type-preserving strategic rewrite systems. For ease of calculation, we use point-free representations and corresponding calculation rules. Thus, coupled transformations are carried out in two steps. First, a type-changing rewrite system is applied to a source type to obtain a target type together with (representations of) migration functions between source and target. Then, a type-preserving rewrite system is applied to the composition of a migration function and a data processor on the source (or target) type to obtain a data processor on the target (or source) type. All rewrites are type-safe.

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This paper presents a new methodology for reliability evaluation of composite generation and transmission systems, based on nonsequential Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and artificial neural network (ANN) concepts. ANN techniques are used to classify the operating states during the Monte Carlo sampling. A polynomial network, named Group Method Data Handling (GMDH), is used, and the states analyzed during the beginning of the simulation process are adequately selected as input data for training and test sets. Based on this procedure, a great number of success states are classified by a simple polynomial function, given by the ANN model, providine siginificant reductions in the computational cost. Moreover, all types of composite reliability indices (i.e., loss of load probability, frequency, duration, and energy/power not supplied) can be assessed not only for the overall system but also for areas and buses. The proposed methodology is applied to the IEEE Reliability Test System (IEEE-RTS), to the IEEE-RTS 96, and to a configuration of the Brazilian South-Southeastern System.

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In the past decades urban areas have suffered large demographic pressures, forcing people and their housing compounds to migrate to peripheral regions were they often build without land planning concerns, and where many times they are subject to adverse natural conditions and exposed to natural hazards being landslides one of the main threats. Nowadays, geophysical methods assume a relevant role monitoring and surveying unstable slopes. We performed thirty seismic profiles with the aim of determine distribution of rock weathering through seismic refraction techniques, in Canelas, a small village in NW Portugal. Each profile was summarized with average values of velocity for each depth. Despite having a low density coverage for the area involved, the results seem to show that seismic refraction is an important tool to rapidly characterize weathering thicknesses, a very important factor to be taken into account in problems of slope stability.