Abstract
The increasing penetration of interruptible sources of energy is making security of supply a key aspect of present and future networks management, and reserves markets are gaining significant relevance. Demand representation used in traditional long term market models normally consists in a set of non chronological demand levels corresponding to hours with similar demand values. However, reserve issues are closely related with short term constraints (such as ramps), and this lack of chronological coupling does not allow for an appropriate representation of these technical constraints. This paper presents a joint energy and reserve conjectural equilibrium model that provides signal prices for both commodities and computes productions accordingly by satisfying system demand and reserve requirements. Generation is represented at a technological level, and water contributes to energy and reserve requirements with daily constraints. To reduce the feasible region, clustering is used to simplify hourly demand series into only a few daily patterns. In addition, keeping the link between hours and demand levels allows the model to combine short term technical constraints with traditional long term strategic planning constraints. © 2011 IEEE.

Abstract
The territory alignment problem is part of a bigger procedure, the territory design, which consists of assigning small geographic regions to larger areas following the most relevant criteria for planning. This chapter aims to briefly update the review of the existing literature on the territory alignment problem, its applications and solution approaches, and to illustrate the most recent tendencies by means of a hybrid meta-heuristic developed by the authors. The approach is based in GRASP and Tabu Search meta-heuristics. The algorithm was integrated in an interactive and user-friendly Geographic Information System application, named MultiACE, also developed in the context of this study. This application was embedded in the ArcGIS software. This chapter also illustrates the potential of the proposed approach as a practical and readily implementable management decision aid in the context of a current case that involved the maintenance team of a Portuguese regional office of a worldwide equipment company. © 2012, IGI Global.

Abstract
Fractional Calculus (FC) goes back to the beginning of the theory of differential calculus. Nevertheless, the application of FC just emerged in the last two decades. It has been recognized the advantageous use of this mathematical tool in the modelling and control of many dynamical systems. Having these ideas in mind, this paper discusses a FC perspective in the study of the dynamics and control of several systems. The paper investigates the use of FC in the fields of controller tuning, legged robots, electrical systems and digital circuit synthesis.

Abstract
We propose two exact algorithms for two-dimensional orthogonal packing problems whose main components are simple mixed-integer linear programming models. Based on the different forms of time representation in scheduling formulations, we extend the concept of multiple time grids into a second dimension and propose a hybrid discrete/continuous-space formulation. By relying on events to continuously locate the rectangles along the strip height, we aim to reduce the size of the resulting mathematical problem when compared to a pure discrete-space model, with hopes of achieving a better computational performance. Through the solution of a set of 29 test instances from the literature, we show that this was mostly accomplished, primarily because the associated search strategy can quickly find good feasible solutions prior to the optimum, which may be very important in real industrial environments. We also provide a comprehensive comparison to seven other conceptually different approaches that have solved the same strip packing problems.

Abstract
Designers aspire to create engaging and desirable experiences. To that end they study users, aiming to better understand their preferences, ways of thinking and desired outcomes. In the service sector this task is more intricate as experiences encompass the whole customer journey, or the sequence of moments of interaction between customer and company. In services, one poorly designed interaction can severely compromise the overall experience. Despite experience holistic nature, current methods address its components separately, failing to provide an overall systematized picture. This paper presents Customer Experience Modeling, a novel multidisciplinary approach to systematize, represent and evaluate customer experiences to guide service and interaction design efforts. We illustrate this method with an application to a multimedia service provider built upon 17 interviews with service users.

Abstract
In real-world information retrieval systems, the underlying document collection is rarely stable or definitive. This work is focused on the study of signals extracted from the content of documents at different points in time for the purpose of weighting individual terms in a document. The basic idea behind our proposals is that terms that have existed for a longer time in a document should have a greater weight. We propose 4 term weighting functions that use each document's history to estimate a current term score. To evaluate this thesis, we conduct 3 independent experiments using a collection of documents sampled from Wikipedia. In the first experiment, we use data from Wikipedia to judge each set of terms. In a second experiment, we use an external collection of tags from a popular social bookmarking service as a gold standard. In the third experiment, we crowdsource user judgments to collect feedback on term preference. Across all experiments results consistently support our thesis. We show that temporally aware measures, specifically the proposed revision term frequency and revision term frequency span, outperform a term-weighting measure based on raw term frequency alone.