Abstract
Landscape metrics were used to analyze landscape changes and related driving forces in a mountain rural landscape of Northeast Portugal over three decades. This landscape has great heterogeneity, which favors high levels of diversity and provides for a variety of habitats. The landscape metrics were obtained from land cover maps derived from Landsat images of 1979, 1989 and 2002. Results indicate a trend for increased landscape fragmentation, decrease of annual crop fields (-43%) and, mainly, increase of meadows (+60%). Results relate with decline and aging of the rural population, and to several measures and policies of subsidies implemented in the region in application of the Common Agriculture Policy, which contributed to the replacement of annual crops by meadows. Results are potentially useful to base appropriate policies for landscape management and conservation planning.

Abstract
Radiographer abnormality detection schemes (RADS) were introduced in the early 1980s to assist emergency departments. The development of PACS systems are affecting health professionals forcing them to evolve along, reviewing images on a computer monitor rather than on radiographic film. This article reviewed published articles that evaluated the impact of the use of a Red Dot System in patient outcome of emergency trauma patients and assessed the implementation of a Red Dot System in a Radiology Department with digital radiography and PACS. Few articles addressed the implementation issues and use of a Red Dot system in Computed Radiology. Radiographer skeletal red dot studies, had sensitivity and specificity of, respectively, 0.71 and 0.96 pre-training, and 0.81 and 0.95 post-training, compared with a reference standard. The use of radiographer abnormality detection schemes such as Red Dot and reporting has the potential to improve the diagnosis and outcome of emergency patients. The arrival of Information Technologies (IT) to healthcare and the introduction of Digital Radiography have limited the functionality of RADS due to incompatibility of new technology with the standard practice. New image technology solutions in Radiology should enhance the development and utilization of radiographer skills in RADS environments.

Abstract
Crowdsourcing is an emergent trend for general-purpose classification problem solving. Over the past decade, this notion has been embodied by enlisting a crowd of humans to help solve problems. There are a growing number of real-world problems that take advantage of this technique, such as Wikipedia, Linux or Amazon Mechanical Turk. In this paper, we evaluate its suitability for classification, namely if it can outperform state-of-the-art models by combining it with active learning techniques. We propose two approaches based on crowdsourcing and active learning and empirically evaluate the performance of a baseline Support Vector Machine when active learning examples are chosen and made available for classification to a crowd in a web-based scenario. The proposed crowdsourcing active learning approach was tested with Jester data set, a text humour classification benchmark, resulting in promising improvements over baseline results. © 2011 IEEE.

Abstract
This study examined associations between attachment insecurity and autonomic response during the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) in a sample of 47 women with eating disorders using a new system for the synchronous acquisition of behavioral and physiological data: the Bio Dual-channel and Representation of Attachment Multimedia System (BioDReAMS; Soares, Cunha, Zhan Jian Li, Pinho, Neves, 1998). Consistent with the emerging literature on the psychophysiology of adult attachment, insecurity was positively correlated with electrodermal reactivity during the AAI. Furthermore, relatively secure patients showed some evidence of parasympathetic withdrawal, which can be conceptualized as evidence of more effective emotion regulation. Results suggest that, even among women with diagnosed psychopathology, security is associated with moreproductive patterns of psychophysiological response to attachment-related challenges.

Abstract
Identity management represents an essential component for identification, authentication and authorization of patients, professionals, stakeholders and organizations in eHealth, combining information technologies and organizational procedures to provide security and privacy to health information. A literature search was conducted to identify relevant articles which were then grouped into themes according to the main subject. From the selected articles, plus their references, main findings, issues and future perspectives were systematized. A total of 31 articles were obtained, and after selection methodology 13 articles were included and grouped in four different themes: identity pseudonymisation and anonymization for secondary use, privacy preserving identity, identification, authentication and authorization identity in eHealth and identity and standardization. Through references cited in articles, research programs and working areas were also identified. Very few implementations could be found in literature, showing that this problem is even more complex than it seems and future adoption requires further research on new models and architectures. Furthermore, there is the need for a standard methodology for identity attributes interoperability between different stakeholders. Although there is a known large research effort in the context of identity in the information society in general, very few studies and experiences were found in the eHealth context.

Abstract
IEEE 802.11 is currently one of the main wireless technologies enabling ubiquitous Internet access. With the growing demand for wireless Internet access and the limited 802.11 radio range, 802.11-based Wireless Mesh Networks have been proposed as a flexible and cost-effective solution to extend the radio coverage of existing network infrastructures. Many solutions have been proposed to create Wireless Mesh Networks automatically. However, they are either too complex or deal with multicast traffic inefficiently using pure flooding. We propose a simple and efficient solution, called WiFIX+, to forward multicast traffic over 802.11-based Wireless Mesh Networks. It is based on WiFIX, an existing solution targeted at unicast traffic and extends it with new mechanisms. WiFIX+ was implemented and evaluated in a laboratorial test-bed. The experimental results obtained show that it outperforms IEEE 802.11s, the reference solution for 802.11-based Wireless Mesh Networks, as far as data throughput, delay, and packet loss are concerned. © 2010 IEEE.