Abstract

Abstract
Legislation is a technical domain characterized by highly specialized knowledge forming a large corpus where content is interdependent in nature, but the context is poorly formalized. Typically, the legal domain involves several document types that can be related. Amendments, past judicial interpretations, or new laws can refer to other legal documents to contextualize or support legal formulation. Lengthy and complex texts are frequently unstructured or in some cases semi-structured. Therefore, several problems arise since legal documents, articles, or specific constraints can be cited and referenced differently. Based on legal annotations from a real-world scenario, an architectural approach for modeling a Knowledge Organization System for classifying legal documents and the related legal objects is presented. Data is summarized and classified using a topic modeling approach, with a view toward the improvement of browsing and retrieval of main legal topics and associated terms.

Abstract
PurposeDisruptions are appearing more frequently and having an ever greater impact on supply chains (SC), affecting the vulnerability and sustainability of organisations. Our study proposes an innovative approach to address contemporary challenges by introducing coopetition as a strategic capability. The aim of this study is to enable companies to adapt and thrive by applying a tool that measures and monitors different logistical scenarios to improve performance and antifragility.Design/methodology/approachWith the aim of jointly planning transport activities of two competing companies, we present a linear programming model that promotes synergies which enhance resource utilisation. To demonstrate the validity of the model, a case study is conducted to measure, monitor and evaluate the results obtained after collaborating on SC activities.FindingsCurrent tools to support logistics planning are not effective because they hamper information exchange, cost allocation and performance measurements. Our innovative model optimises collaborative networks (CNs) and monitors economic, environmental and social improvements. The case study shows the reduction of logistics costs (13%), carbon footprint (37%) and the improvement of social antifragility when agility and flexibility emerge.Originality/valueCNs have become an effective means of enhancing resilience, but there are no empirical contributions to demonstrate how to achieve this. We provide a real case with computational experiments that provide empirical evidence of the effectiveness of the model, which measures, optimises and evaluates SC performance in coopetitive environments. This approach is a guide to researchers and practitioners when creating simulations to reduce risks and facilitate decision-making.

Abstract
In 2010, the European Commission set out the development of an economy based on knowledge and innovation as one of the priorities of its Europe 2020 strategy for smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth. This culminated in the 'Youth on the Move' flagship initiative, aimed at enhancing the performance and international attractiveness of Europe's higher education institutions and raising the Union's overall education and training levels. Therefore, it is relevant to assess the performance of the 'Youth on the Move' initiative via the creation of composite indicators (CIs) and, ultimately, monitor the progress made by European countries in creating a positive environment supporting learner mobility. For this reason, we make use of the CI-building 'Benefit-of-the-Doubt' approach, in its robust and conditional setting to account for outliers and the human development of those nations, to exploit the European Commission's Mobility Scoreboard framework between 2015/2016 and 2022/2023. Furthermore, we incorporate the value judgements of experts in the sector to construct utility scales and compute weight restrictions through multi-criteria decision analysis. This enables the conversion of ordinal scales into interval ones based on knowledgeable information about reality in higher education. In the end, the results point to a slight performance improvement, but highlight the need to improve the 'Recognition of learning outcomes', 'Foreign language preparation', and 'Information and guidance'.

Abstract
A significant number of dependable systems rely on scheduling algorithms to achieve temporal correctness. Despite their relevance in real-world applications, only a narrow subset of the works in the literature of real-time systems are readily available to be reproduced in real-world hardware platforms. This lack of support not only hinders the reproducibility of research results, but also reduces the opportunity for new platform-specific research directions to emerge. In this work we discuss the use and development of an open-source tool named MARS capable of porting various scheduling tests and algorithms to hardware platforms used in distributed real-time dependable systems.

Abstract
The co-creation of games is a research area that has shown very promising results in identifying technological requirements. It is an approach where the researcher usually adopts the role of a participant observer, guiding the dynamics of co-creation acts. This situation limits the opportunities for replicability of co-creation methods by independent facilitators, which could elucidate the quality and improvement opportunities of these methods, contributing to their more widespread application. In this paper, we present a methodology that aims to overcome this limitation, allowing the replication of co-creation workshops by different independent facilitators. This methodology was conceived in the context of collecting relevant information for the design of an educational digital platform that intends to use gamified resources for adult education in digital health data literacy. Specifically, co-creation workshops were used to gain an overview of the difficulties of different age groups in this area and their perspective on which games would best address these difficulties. The workshops were conducted in five countries with planning oriented so that each country could have a different facilitator, not requiring the presence of the researcher who designed them. The challenge of this planning was to maintain the approach of the facilitators identical in all countries, as best one could. We present here the method adopted through its planning and materials designed for information collection, which included brainstorming using card sorting and game ideation with the use of templates. The analysis of replicability by independent facilitators was done by scrutinizing the produced elements, which allowed us to observe the aspects of coherence and divergence among the various facilitators. Thus, we conclude that this approach is a good starting point to overcome current limitations and identify possible lines of improvement.