Abstract
The availability of patient clinical data can be vital to a more effective diagnosis and treatment, by an healthcare professional. This information should be accessible regardless of context, place, time or where it was collected. In order to share this type of data, many countries have initiated projects aiming to implement Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems. Throughout the years, some were more successful than others but all of them were complex and difficult to materialise. The research involves the study of four international projects - in Canada, Denmark, England and France - launched with the goal of fostering the clinical data sharing in the respective countries, namely by implementing EHR-like systems. Those case studies served as data to identify the critical issues in this area. To address the challenge of sharing clinical information, the authors believe to be necessary to act in three different dimensions of the problem: (1) the engagement of the stakeholders and the alignment of the system development with the business goals (2) the building of complex systems of systems with the capability to evolve and easily admit new peers (3) the interoperability between different systems which use different conventions and standards.

Abstract
In recent years there has been a boom of different natural interaction paradigms, such as touch, tangible or gesture-based interfaces, that make better use of human's innate skills rather than imposing new learning processes. However, no work has been reported that systematically evaluates how these interfaces influence users' performance with regard to their level of digital literacy or even age. Furthermore, it is also important to understand the interaction paradigms' impact when performing basic operations, such as data selection, insertion and manipulation, and which interface could be the most efficient for each task. This paper reports the first step of an exploratory evaluation about the relationship between different interaction paradigms and specific target-audiences: dealing with a selection task. We conducted an experiment with 60 subjects to evaluate how different interfaces may influence the performance of specific groups of users. Four input modalities are evaluated in a selection task and results for these different user groups are reported in terms of performance, efficacy (error rate) and user preference. For each group of users, we determined there was a statistically significant difference between the mean time taken to complete the task in each interface. Also, the one input modality every user was accustomed with (the computer mouse) was the one that showed the most discrepancy regarding performance between the groups. We believe that this study raises new issues for future research. Copyright 2014 ACM.

Abstract
Model finders are becoming useful in many software engineering problems. Kodkod [19] is one of the most popular, due to its support for relational logic (a combination of first order logic with relational algebra operators and transitive closure), allowing a simpler specification of constraints, and support for partial instances, allowing the specification of a priori (exact, but potentially partial) knowledge about a problem's solution. However, in some software engineering problems, such as model repair or bidirectional model transformation, knowledge about the solution is not exact, but instead there is a known target that the solution should approximate. In this paper we extend Kodkod's partial instances to allow the specification of such targets, and show how its model finding procedure can be adapted to support them (using both PMax-SAT solvers or SAT solvers with cardinality constraints). Two case studies are also presented, including a careful performance evaluation to assess the effectiveness of the proposed extension. © 2014 Springer-Verlag.

Abstract
Renewable energy sources (RES) used in small-scale distributed generation systems are a promising alternative for additional energy supply toward smarter and more sustainable cities. However, their proper integration as new infrastructures of the smart city (SMCT) requires understanding the SMCT architecture and promoting changes to the existing regulation, business models, and power grid topology and operation, constituting a new challenging energy supply paradigm. This chapter addresses the use of renewable energy systems on small scale, oriented to distributed generation (DG) for households or districts, integrated in an SMCT. In this context, the main renewable energies and companion technologies are reviewed, and their profitability investigated to highlight their current economic feasibility. A simplified architecture for SMCT development is presented, consisting of three interconnected layers, the intelligence layer, the communication layer, and the infrastructure layer. The integration and impact of distributed renewable energy generation and storage technologies in this architecture is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the grid topology for their technical and efficient integration, and to the business models for facilitating their economic integration and feasibility. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.

Abstract

Abstract
Real estate appraisal is a very important activity in the modern economies. As such, the main ob-jective of this paper is to analyse the relationship between yields and income rents in assessing the Portu-guese real estate appraisal on the main Portuguese municipalities. Real estate market data series were analised during a four-year period (2006-2009) using income rents in €/m2. With the data it was possible to determine the average income rents and the capitalization rates, and carry out a comparison through a clusters analysis. The results show that the income approach can be used to explain the supply market va-lue of the dwellings at municipal level.