Abstract

Abstract
Many definitions for operations strategy appear in literature. Yet, after analysing some of these important definitions, there were some common denominators: planning and decision-making. It is through correct operations strategy planning and decisions that organizations achieve competitive edge, and for this reason, the subject is of major importance. In this paper we present a review on operations strategy (OS) in manufacturing, services and product-service organizations. Through the literature analysis we found several differences and fewer similarities between OS in manufacturing and services and also the positioning of product-service systems (PSS) OS, comparing to OS in manufacturing and in services. Our foremost contribution is providing a literature review and an analysis on the content of the OS frameworks.

Abstract
In the moment that social networks arise as a new source of information, we also started to concern about the information shared in this environment. It is difficult to users of social networks to distinguish the accuracy of the information spreaded. The combination of auditability features and research directions in human-computer interaction area will guide the development of tools for evaluating information. We present prototypes of tools that once available, will allow users to decide about the credibility of information that they access and share. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.

Abstract
This thesis aims at contributing with new research at the intersection of the research fields of information management and supply chain risk management. Information is a fundamental element for an effective risk management in supply networks. In spite of this, research on how to use internal and external information for risk management decisions in supply networks is scarce. Therefore, this thesis main goal is to characterize information models used in supply networks and the supply chain risk management process in order to propose an aggregated model of internal and external information for risk management decision support in supply networks. This work is based on the Design Science paradigm, which will be applied through several research methods: systematic literature review to analyse the current state of the art on information management in supply networks; field research to analyse the influence of different information organisation models in the process of supply chain risk management and to develop an information model based (artifact); and action research to implement the artifact for the definition of risk mitigation strategies in aeronautic supply networks.

Abstract
Fast charging is perceived by users as a preferred method for extending the average daily mobility of electric vehicles (EV). The rated power of fast chargers, their expected operation during peak hours, and clustering in designated stations, raise significant concerns. On one hand it raises concerns about standard requirements for power quality, especially harmonic distortion due to the use of power electronics connecting to high loads, typically ranging from 18 to 24 kW h. On the other hand, infrastructure dimensioning and design limitations for those investing in such facilities need to be considered. Four sets of measurements were performed during the complete charging cycle of an EV, and individual harmonic's amplitude and phase angles behaviour were analysed. In addition, the voltage and current total harmonic distortion (THD) and Total Demand Distortion (TDD) were calculated and the results compared with the IEEE519, IEC 61000/EN50160 standards. Additionally, two vehicles being fast charged while connected to the same feeder were simulated and an analysis was carried out on how the harmonic phase angles would relate. The study concluded that the use of TDD was a better indicator than THD, since the former uses the maximum current (IL) and the latter uses the fundamental current, sometimes misleading conclusions, hence it is suggested it should be included in IEC/EN standard updates. Voltage THD and TDD for the charger analysed, were within the standard's limits of 1.2% and 12% respectively, however individual harmonics (11th and 13th) failed to comply with the 5.5% limit in IEEE 519 (5% and 3% respectively in IEC61000). Phase angles tended to have preferential range differences from the fundamental wave. It was found that the average difference between the same harmonic order phase angles was lower than 90°, meaning that when more than one vehicle is connected to the same feeder the amplitudes will add. Since the limits are dependable on the upstream short circuit current (ISC), if the number of vehicles increases (i.e. IL), the standard limits will decrease and eventually be exceeded. The harmonic limitation is hence the primary binding condition, certainly before the power limitation. The initial limit to the number of chargers is not the power capacity of the upstream power circuit but the harmonic limits for electricity pollution.

Abstract
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is the effective surgical treatment for drug-refractory movement disorders. In order to improve the therapeutic outcome precise anatomic location of electrodes must be achieved. Thus, neurologists can achieve better clinical decisions and take a more careful selection of the best stimulation parameters for DBS. In this paper, we present a system that accurately obtains the 3D positions of DBS electrodes relative to anatomical structures. The latter is based on the segmentation of deep brain structures and on a multimodal imaging approach. In this study, we examined 16 patients undergoing DBS (8 with Parkinson` s disease and 8 with dystonia). A "neuroscientist friendly" graphic user interface (GUI) was designed to support the processing pipeline to precisely detect the electrodes from the DBS lead. Using this system, we obtained the electrodes position and compared them with the ones manually calculated by an experienced physician. The differences observed were less than a voxel size for 89.9% of the cases and the automated procedure takes less 97.5% time than the manual procedure (1min vs 40min). The resulting masks were congruent in shape and position with the corresponding areas in the individuals' space. Using our automatic segmentation pipeline, clinicians save 77% of their time when compared with a manual segmentation (1.20min vs 5.26min). Both structures and electrodes masks were warped to the MNI space in order to provide a common reference space, for the clinical interpretations.