Abstract
This paper presents a class of packing problems where circles may be placed either inside or outside other circles, the whole set being packed in a rectangle. This corresponds to a practical problem of packing tubes in a container. Before being inserted in the container, tubes may be put inside other tubes in a recursive fashion. A variant of the greedy randomized adaptive search procedure is proposed for tackling this problem, and its performance is assessed in a set of benchmark instances.

Abstract
This chapter presents the first stage of the procedural modelling methodology addressed in this book, which is capable of generating domus—ancient roman houses—considering rectangular constraint shapes, through the combination of an ontological schema—extended to support some elements of the roman architecture—and a treemap-based procedural modelling process, that is responsible for creating the geometry according to the rules that define the buildings. © The Author(s) 2016.

Abstract
This paper describes the process of formulation and validation of a synthetic risk network model for the Brazilian military shipbuilding industry. This model is composed of risk events and their potential causes that will be the basis of the process of identification and analysis of future risks on similar projects. This process involved an extensive literature review to collect and list an initial catalogue of risks, causes and related effects, followed by an analysis to summarise and schematically group the risks. Then, the Delphi method with a panel of experts from the Brazilian Navy was used to analyse and assess the proposed model.

Abstract
This paper presents an innovative approach to solve the product-launch planning problem in the pharmaceutical industry, with uncertainty on the product demand and on clinical trials. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model, incorporating Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), was developed for optimizing the process design (process-unit allocation and scale-up decisions) and for capacity planning (acquisition of new units), considering the products that still require development, and the products that are already in commercialization. MCS is performed in a two-step procedure, based on Normal and Bernoulli distributions, in order to capture the effects of demand variability and trials pass-fail uncertainty, respectively. Product-launch decisions are made taking into account the probability distributions of alternative process designs, of new capacity requirements, and of the coefficients of the objective function. The applicability of the proposed solution approach is demonstrated in an illustrative case study.

Abstract
Software engineering (SE) is an area with a wide range of concepts and knowledge. Such diversity of topics, requires the application of different teaching and learning techniques for an effective education. Serious Games is one of such techniques, yet its design tends to be complex, currently lacking a map of game design standards that comply with SE education requirements. This paper presents a process to identify the game design patterns that can be effective for teaching software engineering, specifically the software project management topic. Firstly, it begins by identifying the relationship between game design patterns and teaching and learning functions based on literature review. Secondly, it filters which of those teaching and learning functions is most relevant to software project management education, according to SE education specialists. Finally, it validates the relationship between game design patterns and software project management education through an empirical study conducted with master students. The results can be used as a basis for designing and developing serious games for teaching software project management. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Abstract
This book gathers carefully selected works in Mathematical Economics, on myriad topics including General Equilibrium, Game Theory, Economic Growth, Welfare, Social Choice Theory, Finance. It sheds light on the ongoing discussions that have brought together leading researchers from Latin America and Southern Europe at recent conferences in venues like Porto, Portugal; Athens, Greece; and Guanajuato, Mexico. With this volume, the editors not only contribute to the advancement of research in these areas, but also inspire other scholars around the globe to collaborate and research these vibrant, emerging topics.