Abstract
Social media is strongly present in people's everyday life and Twitter is one example that stands out. The data within these types of services can be analyzed in order to discover useful knowledge. One interesting approach is to use data mining techniques to perceive hidden behaviours and patterns. The primary focus of this paper is the identification of patterns of retweets and to understand how information spreads over time in Twitter. The aim of this work lies in the adaptation of the GetMove tool, that is capable of extracting spatio-temporal pattern trajectories, and TweeProfiles, that identifies tweet profiles regarding several dimensions: spatial, temporal, social and content. We hope that the more flexible clustering strategy from TweeProfiles will enhance the results extracted by GetMove. We study the application of said mechanism to one case study and developed a visualization tool to interpret the results.

Abstract
OPTICON currently supports a Joint Research Activity (JRA) dedicated to providing easy to use image reconstruction algorithms for optical/IR interferometric data. This JRA aims to provide state-of-the-art image reconstruction methods with a common interface and comprehensive documentation to the community. These tools will provide the capability to compare the results of using different settings and algorithms in a consistent and unified way. The JRA is also providing tutorials and sample datasets to introduce the principles of image reconstruction and illustrate how to use the software products. We describe the design of the imaging tools, in particular the interface between the graphical user interface and the image reconstruction algorithms, and summarise the current status of their implementation.

Abstract
The compilation of high-level languages, such as software programming languages, to FPGAs is of paramount importance for the mainstream adoption of FPGAs. An efficient compilation process will improve designer productivity and will make the use of FPGA technology viable for software programmers. When targeting the hardware resources provided by FPGAs, a compilation process usually requires a stage known as High-Level Synthesis (HLS) which is responsible for generating application specific hardware architectures from the input source code or from an intermediate representation of the input application. This chapter briefly describes HLS and its main processing stages. The chapter provides the indispensable knowledge for readers who want to follow the remaining chapters of this book. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016.

Abstract
Core diameter mismatch structures are proposed and experimentally investigated for curvature and vibration sensing. Two configurations are suggested, one approach uses a structure formed by splicing an uncoated short section of multimode fiber between two standard single-mode fibers (SMFs) single-mode-multimode-single-mode (SMS), combined to a fiber optical mirror at its end, and the other approach uses a structure made by splicing a section of SMF between two multimode fibers (SMSMS). In the curvature analysis, the proposed SMS sensor generates the destructive interference patterns when it is bent, varying only the attenuation of the optical signal without wavelength shifts. The SMSMS vibration sensor proved to be suitable to monitor very low frequencies such as 0.1 Hz. The configuration of the proposed sensors presents several interesting features, such as easy fabrication, low cost, high efficiency, and high sensitivity. These advantages make such sensors very useful in a wide range of applications, for instance, structural health monitoring.

Abstract
In most challenging data analysis applications, data evolve over time and must be analyzed in near real time. Patterns and relations in such data often evolve over time, thus, models built for analyzing such data quickly become obsolete over time. In machine learning and data mining this phenomenon is referred to as concept drift. The objective is to deploy models that would diagnose themselves and adapt to changing data over time. This chapter provides an application oriented view towards concept drift research, with a focus on supervised learning tasks. First we overview and categorize application tasks for which the problem of concept drift is particularly relevant. Then we construct a reference framework for positioning application tasks within a spectrum of problems related to concept drift. Finally, we discuss some promising research directions from the application perspective, and present recommendations for application driven concept drift research and development.

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the small joints of the hand. High frequency ultrasound imaging is used to measure the inflammatory activity in the joint capsule region of Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. In our previous work, the problem of bones and joint capsule segmentation was addressed and in this work we aim to automatically identify the tendon using previously segmented structures. The extensor tendon is located above the metacarpal and phalange bone and the joint capsule. Tendon and bursal involvement are frequent and often clinically dominant in early RA. Ridge-like structures are enhanced and pre-processed to reduce speckle noise using a Log-Gabor filter. These regions are then simplified using medial axis transform and vertically connected lines are removed. Adjacent lines are connected using morphological operators and short lines are filtered by thresholding. Physiological information is used to create a distance map for all the lines using prior knowledge of the bone and capsule region location. Based on this distance map, the tendon is finally segmented and its shape refined by using active contours. The segmentation algorithm was tested on 90 images and experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The automatic segmentation was compared with an expert manual segmentation, and a mean error of 3.7 pixels and a standard deviation of 2 pixels were achieved, which are interested results for integration into future computer-assisted decision systems.