Abstract

Abstract
This study analyzes Standard & Poor’s 500 Index top 250 companies’ responses to Bloomberg’s disclosed calculations of CEO pay ratios. The results suggest that CEO pay ratios, CEO compensations and average worker compensations do not seem to be related to the decision to respond. They also indicate that many of the corporations have adopted a strategy of avoiding the issue or deflecting attention from it by either choosing not to respond or criticizing the technicalities of the calculation of the CEO pay ratios. Corporations that responded largely conceptualize and communicate the rationale for high executive compensation in performance-driven language.

Abstract
The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) on a large scale can lead to significant social and economic benefits. The effort of promoting the use of EVs in road transportation is essential to meet the climate change targets and manage the ever unstable prices of perilously diminishing fossil fuels. On the other hand, there are still many uncertainties in the market regarding the acceptability of EVs by the final consumer. In this paper the effect of high penetration of EVs on thermal ageing of a real residential distribution transformer, part of an isolated electric grid, is analysed. A weekend scenario conditioned by off-peak tariff is studied. A transformer thermal model is used to estimate the hot-spot temperature (?h) and top-oil temperature (?o) given the load ratio in Sao Miguel, a Portuguese Island. Real data are utilised for the main inputs of the model, i.e. transformer parameters, residential load, peak and off-peak tariffs and EV parameters. Conclusions are finally drawn. © 2016 IEEE.

Abstract
This work proposes a organization-based Multi-Agent System that models Local Electricity Market (MASLEM). A bottom-up approach is implemented to manage energy in this work. In this context, agents are able to connect to each other and the power grid to transact electrical energy, and manage their inside electrical energy independently. A Demand Response Program (DRP) based on Indirect Load Control (ILC) method is also used. The performance of our work is evaluated through an Agent Based Modeling (ABM) implementation.

Abstract
This paper presents a review of the main characteristics of cloud computing, where they are exposed, their main components and ways of use. In addition to the technological review that is done, is also carried out. To understand how cloud computing can lead to a powerful ally of SMEs in the context of organizational competitiveness in a world where the role of information systems for a long time proved decisive, it is a reflection that the SMEs, whose core business is not technology, need to be carried out.

Abstract
The present article proposes a mathematical decision support system model to measure the performance of incubated technology-based firms (TBFs) suppliers. The research was conducted based on three steps: (1) a literature review, in order to parameterise the research in relation to the theme; (2) the construction of a measuring system, based on the presumptions permeated by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP); and (3) the application of the system at three companies. The findings demonstrated the mathematical modelling developed is capable of providing satisfactory results to the reality of the sector studied, presenting the situation of the suppliers evaluated, independent of the nature of the indicated critical success factors (CSFs). Also, this tool supports companies by providing a strong foundation to organise the information regarding the service level delivered by each supplier, according to previous research on the theme.