Abstract
A cantilever structure in 3D printed based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor embedded in polymer material is proposed. The FBG sensor was embedded in 3D printed coating and was tested under three physical parameters: displacement, temperature and vibration. The sensor was tested in displacement in two different regions of the cantilever, namely, on its midpoint and end point. The maximum displacement sensitivity achieved was (3 +/- 0.1) pm/mm for end point displacement, and a temperature sensitivity of (30 +/- 1) pm/degrees C was also attained. In the case of vibration measurements it was possible to obtain a 10.23Hz-low frequency oscillation.

Abstract

Abstract
Building automation systems contribute to reduce electricity costs by managing distributed energy resources in an efficient way. However, a large share of consumption cannot be optimized through automation alone, since it mainly depends on human interactions. Gamification can be used as one form of changing users’ behaviours [1], but its implementation does require assumptions on the behaviour patterns that need to be identified, encouraged, or discouraged. To tackle this problem, we propose a framework that joins building automation solutions with gamification techniques to enable behavioural demand response.

Abstract
In the beginning of the Iberian Electricity Market (MIBEL), in 2006, the Portuguese regulator created a new tariff scheme, aiming at responding to the new market competition environment. At the same time, the regulator intended to improve consumers' awareness and incentivize renewables generation. After one decade, this policy may be considered successful, as it led to a good level of transparency (all tariff costs are clear and public) and renewables production had increased considerably. However, this strategy has brought other less positive aspects. One of them is the attractiveness of the tariff system in terms of energy savings. In fact, the test cases present in this article demonstrate that the current tariff scheme does not stimulate energy efficiency. Other complementary studies are performed to illustrate the impact of the tariff structure design on the potential energy savings.

Abstract
A distinctive characteristic of a Microgrid (MG) system is related to the ability of operating autonomously. However, the stability of the system relies in storage and generation availability, providing frequency and voltage regulation. Considering the deployment of distributed storage units in the Low Voltage network and of smart metering infrastructures, this paper presents an online tool for promoting an effective coordination of MG flexible resources in order ensure a secure autonomous operation and maximize the time that the MG is able to operate islanded from the main grid. The tool determines a priori an emergency operation plan for the next hours, based on load and microgeneration forecasting. The limited energy capacity of the distributed storage units participating in MG control is also considered.

Abstract
Energy consumption is a major issue in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), as nodes are powered by chemical batteries with an upper bounded lifetime. Estimating the lifetime of batteries is a difficult task, as it depends on several factors, such as operating temperatures and discharge rates. Analytical battery models can be used for estimating both the battery lifetime and the voltage behavior over time. Still, available models usually do not consider the impact of operating temperatures on the battery behavior. The target of this work is to extend the widely-used Kinetic Battery Model (KiBaM) to include the effect of temperature on the battery behavior. The proposed Temperature-Dependent KiBaM (T-KiBaM) is able to handle operating temperatures, providing better estimates for the battery lifetime and voltage behavior. The performed experimental validation shows that T-KiBaM achieves an average accuracy error smaller than 0.33%, when estimating the lifetime of Ni-MH batteries for different temperature conditions. In addition, T-KiBaM significantly improves the original KiBaM voltage model. The proposed model can be easily adapted to handle other battery technologies, enabling the consideration of different WSN deployments.