Abstract

Abstract
In a consumer setting, storage systems can be dispatched in order to shift surplus generation to periods when a local generation deficit exists. However, the high investment cost still makes the deployment of storage unattractive. As a way to overcome this problem existing literature looking at storage installed at the grid-level suggests dispatching the storage device for multiple applications simultaneously in order to access several value streams. Therefore, in this work, a Mixed Integer Linear Program is developed in order to schedule the operation of a storage device in a consumer context for multiple objectives in parallel. Besides shifting locally generated energy in time, the peak demand seen by the electric grid is reduced and the storage device is operated to provide primary reserve control. The model is applied in a case study based on the current German situation in order to illustrate the value contribution of stacking multiple services. When pursuing multiple applications simultaneously, the revenues of storage can be increased significantly. However, the revenues are not additive due to conflicting operations which originates a revenue gap as illustrated in the paper.

Abstract
Multidimensional or n-D systems (n>1) are models having several independent variables. Among the topics related with this type of systems, stability has been attracting the interest of many researchers. The extension of the stability theory extension from 1-D systems to high dimensions is not straightforward. In this paper, four known meta-heuristics (MH) are used to study systems stability based on their polynomial characteristics over the variables boundaries. The four MH consist of genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimisation, cuckoo search and differential evolution. The results obtained with these MH are compared and the best algorithm highlighted. The computational experiments demonstrate that MH can be applied in studding multidimensional system stability.

Abstract
This paper addresses the use of supervised and unsupervised methods for classification of hyperspectral imaging data in maritime border surveillance domain. In this work supervised (SVM) and unsupervised (HYDADE) approaches were implemented. An evaluation benchmark was performed in order to compare methods results using real hyperspectral imaging data taken from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in maritime border surveillance scenario.

Abstract
Air quality traffic-related measures have been implemented worldwide to control the pollution levels of urban areas. Although some of those measures are claiming environmental improvements, few studies have checked their real impact. In fact, quantitative estimates are often focused on reducing emissions, rather than on evaluating the actual measures' effect on air quality. Even when air quality studies are conducted, results are frequently unclear. In order to properly assess the real impact on air quality of traffic-related measures, a statistical method is proposed. The method compares the pollutant concentration levels observed after the implementation of a measure with the concentration values of the previous year. Short- and long-term impact is assessed considering not only their influence on the average pollutant concentration, but also on its maximum level. To control the effect of the main confounding factors, only the days with similar environmental conditions are analysed. The changeability of the key meteorological variables that affect the transport and dispersion of the pollutant studied are used to identify and group the days categorized as similar. Resemblance of the pollutants' concentration of the previous day is also taken into account. The impact of the road traffic measures on the air pollutants' concentration is then checked for those similar days using specific statistical functions. To evaluate the proposed method, the impact on PM2.5 concentrations of two air quality traffic-related measures (M1 and M2) implemented in the city of Beijing are taken into consideration: M1 was implemented in 2009, restricting the circulation of yellow-labelled vehicles, while M2 was implemented in 2014, restricting the circulation of heavy-duty vehicles. To compare the results of each measure, a time-period when these measures were not applied is used as case-control.

Abstract
The content of this paper aims to assist in the development and implementation of microgrids by addressing the challenges and possible solutions for their protection systems. Therefore, an overview of some protection methods available in the literature that can be implemented to ensure a safe and reliable microgrid operation is presented, including the most common protection devices and earthing schemes that can be adopted in low voltage distribution systems. In addition, this paper also presents a brief fault analysis of internal faults at three different locations in an industrial microgrid with centralized and decentralized deployment of energy sources, as well as a short-circuit analysis of symmetric and asymmetric faults at these faulty locations. An approximate method based on the calculation of the equivalent impedance seen from the fault location is used to determine the fault currents. This study is made to observe how microgrids with different configurations perform in the event of internal faults. It is demonstrated in this work that setting a specific protection strategy to allow the microgrid to operate effectively during both operation modes can be problematic and expensive in most situations. With this in mind, additional effort is necessary to engineer and implement new protection approaches that can overcome the limitations of protection systems in future microgrids.