Abstract
Open innovation is a hot topic which currently facilitates the establishment of links between Universities and Industry. Thus, the primary goal of this research is to synthetize the existing literature by establishing a University-Industry relationship with Open Innovation. In this scenario, we also identify the extent to which open innovation is improving innovation ecosystems in terms of promoting smart and responsible innovation. To do so, we have used a systematic literature review, which is considered an adequate method to study the state of the art of a given topic. In light of the above, we performed 1) a quantitative assessment of 50 articles by using bibliometric tools and 2) a qualitative analysis of the literature to identify meaningful relationships between articles. As a result, the literature evidenced a trinomial relationship between Universities, Society and Industries, which are interestingly far more exploited than the Education and Research. Given the noticeable importance of producing knowledge and dissemination of that information, we believe Universities will continue to have a prominent centrality in society in that regard; however, current data leads us to believe that the Universities success of producing knowledge highly depends on the efficiency of each countries to establish effective political actions. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Abstract
Rapidly changing environments place different players at the vortex of the innovation process. Therefore, in the digital age, strong businesses are sometimes built on perceptions and on the approval of the community. The shift from linear value chains to ecosystems is likely to occur in 4.0 organizations adopting service or customer orientations, according to their participation in networked ecosystems. Moving from organization-centered innovation to ecosystem co-creation will approach individuals and institutions thus enhancing sustainable and smart product development along with trust. Embedded innovation is a self-sustained process in which firms and stakeholders interact in a common environment creating a common identity. Empirical results reinforce the role of open innovation strategies and the user community as pillars of sustainable innovation ecosystems. Policy actions need to reinforce these ecosystems as they will generate employment encompassing innovative and inclusive growth, fostering the resilience of societies and environmental sustainability. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Abstract
Gender issues are increasingly studied in entrepreneurship along with the debate about the centrality of resilience in both individuals and organizations. However, the analysis of entrepreneurial initiative based on genderized resilience is a novel insight. Prior studies point out that, against the odds, in more vulnerable environments, individuals tend to be more resilient and exhibit higher levels of entrepreneurial initiative. Considering previous studies and its remarks about the importance of self-efficacy, self-determination, self-regulation, and social environment to determine a resilient profile, this work bridges the existing theoretical contributions with empirical findings, using resilience and entrepreneurship as the ground research field. Empirical results evidence the role of resilience and opens the discussion around its importance through a genderized perspective along with its effect on the entrepreneurial initiative. The existence of a gendered connection between individual resilience and entrepreneurial initiative emerges as a relevant insight. These findings provide valuable information to policymakers and practitioners understanding and designing policy packages which better suit gender singularities. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to grasp the connection between entrepreneurial ecosystems and sustainable entrepreneurship and its relevance for tackling societal challenges. In particular, the work investigates if entrepreneurial ecosystems, through the lens of education and social context, simulate social entrepreneurial orientation. To accomplish the research goals, an empirical study is conducted relying on Global Entrepreneurship Monitor from 2015, where 58 countries are analyzed based on the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Taxonomy. The results point that education and social context are supporters of social entrepreneurship, emphasizing on both institutional and social networks role. However, the findings reveal that social context tends to instigate more regular entrepreneurship when compared to social entrepreneurship, although being a driver in both cases. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Abstract
At present, the financial market is facing severe constraints arising by household bankruptcy, mortgage debtor defaults and over-indebtedness. It is a common belief that improving economic (and financial in specific) literacy will improve the awareness of individuals about complex issues surrounding them and their ability to take financial decisions. The lack of basic knowledge about the functioning of markets may have detrimental consequences, in particular higher exposure to credit and financial risk. In spite of these wider developments, the importance of economic literacy on the making financial decisions about credits has been scarcely explored in empirical terms. This paper contributes to this line of research. Our purpose is to empirically demonstrate the influence of economic literacy on the financial decision making process, and, consequently, on the ability to meet the contracts. We analyse the Portuguese case, a country about which there is scant empirical evidence on these matters, and we use an original database built under the Economicando project. We assess how much knowledge individuals have with respect to economics lato sensu (i.e. including aspects of financial literacy). We seek to understand the relationship between economic literacy and over-indebtedness. The study has been conducted under the research project Research project "Economicando" (PTDC/EGE-ECO/100923/2008), financed by FEDER funds through the Programa Operacional Fatores de Competitividade - COMPETE and by national funds through the FCT Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia.

Abstract
Analyzing the persistence of the innovative activities can improve the understanding of firm dynamics, forecast the effectiveness of different policy actions, reinforce innovation cycles and promote sustainable and responsible innovation ecosystems. Innovation persistence was empirically analyzed for innovation leaders or even followers; still the literature fails to provide evidence for moderate innovators. The present article appraises the innovative strategy of firms operating in this context and their attitudes towards persistence, controlling for firm characteristics such as size, sector, R&D exenditures and human capital intensity. To do so, a balanced panel was built, encompassing three waves of the Portuguese Community Innovation Survey (CIS), (2004 to 2010) including 1099 firms from different areas. The estimation of the random effects probit model, evidenced that persistence hypothesis fails to be corroborated, evidencing no time dependent innovation strategies. Such result suggests that innovation policy programs do not have long-lasting effect on innovative behavior of firms and it is unlikely that incumbent past innovators be the drivers of creative accumulation and future innovation. There is, however, some evidence that new, smaller, innovators might lead the creative wave. In this vein, there might be a rational to encourage public policies targeting start-up firms and new market entrants when innovation is the main primary funding goal. © 2020 Society of Sytematic Innovation.