Abstract
Presence is often used to evaluate Virtual Reality (VR) applications. However, the raw scores are hard to interpret and need to be compared to other data to be meaningful. This paper leverages a database of 1909 responses to the Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ) in different contexts to put forward a scale that qualitatively interprets raw Presence scores for VR experiences. The qualitative grading encompasses the acceptability dimension and analogous academic grading scales ranging from A to F and the adjective of such scores in a scale from Excellent to Unacceptable. Furthermore, the qualitative grading system encompasses Presence and its subscales Spatial Presence, Involvement, and Experienced Realism as defined by the IPQ. Adopting this grading system, supported by a robust dataset of Presence scores, enables practitioners to evaluate and interpret individual IPQ scores, allowing them to gain insights regarding the evaluated applications' effectiveness.

Abstract
How we perceive and experience the world around us is inherently multisensory. Most of the Virtual Reality (VR) literature is based on the senses of sight and hearing. However, there is a lot of potential for integrating additional stimuli into Virtual Environments (VEs), especially in a training context. Identifying the relevant stimuli for obtaining a virtual experience that is perceptually equivalent to a real experience will lead users to behave the same across environments, which adds substantial value for several training areas, such as firefighters. In this article, we present an experiment aiming to assess the impact of different sensory stimuli on stress, fatigue, cybersickness, Presence and knowledge transfer of users during a firefighter training VE. The results suggested that the stimulus that significantly impacted the user's response was wearing a firefighter's uniform and combining all sensory stimuli under study: heat, weight, uniform, and mask. The results also showed that the VE did not induce cybersickness and that it was successful in the task of transferring knowledge.

Abstract
Cannabis is the most used illicit substance in Portugal and is the one, which presents, on average, an earlier onset of consumption. Craving is considered one of the fundamental factors linked to the cannabis use, associating anxiety, stress and depression. The sample consisted of 143 individuals from the northern area of the country and the data was gathered through two online questionnaires (DASS-21 and the MCQ-SF). The obtained results allow us to conclude that emotionality, purposefulness and compulsivity are positively associated with the level of craving and, combined, as well to stress and depression. The number of years of consumption presents a significant effect in anxiety, with a medium effect size.

Abstract
High-performance sport has evolved into an arena where psychological excellence is as decisive as physical prowess. The ability to effectively regulate emotions, particularly pre-competitive anxiety/negativity (PCA), consistently distinguishes elite performance. This article presents a critical and in-depth analysis of the contemporary literature on emotional management in sport. Beginning with a deconstruction of the athlete’s complex emotional landscape, it delves into the neurocognitive mechanisms and multifactorial antecedents of these states, identifying them as a central obstacle to optimal performance. The core of the work focuses on evaluating a spectrum of evidence-based psychological interventions, ranging from physiological regulation strategies and pre-competitive routines to third-wave approaches such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and mindfulness training. The analysis reveals a paradigm shift from models aimed at eliminating anxiety/negativity to approaches that promote psychological flexibility and acceptance. It is concluded that the most effective intervention resides in an integrated, periodized, and personalized model—a “toolbox” of psychological skills—adapted to the athlete’s individual needs and the phases of their training cycle. This work argues that the future of sport psychology lies in promoting the athlete’s holistic well-being as the fundamental pillar for sustainable, high-level performance.

Abstract
This systematic review synthesizes contemporary research on the psychological profile of elite athletes, with a focus on self-confidence, anxiety/negativity, attentional control, motivation, imagery, positivity, and competitive attitude. Drawing on 48 empirical studies across diverse sports and global contexts, the review evaluates the dynamic relationships among these constructs, benchmarks psychological training interventions, and critically examines the unique roles of positivity and competitive attitude in elite performance. Findings show that self-confidence inversely correlates with anxiety/negativity, while attentional control and motivation are pivotal for sustaining resilience and competitive drive. Psychological skills training, encompassing imagery, relaxation, and cognitive restructuring, effectively enhance self-confidence and reduce anxiety/negativity, although intervention heterogeneity limits definitive conclusions. Persistent challenges include a lack of standardized measurement tools, a predominance of cross-sectional studies, and insufficient longitudinal and culturally adapted research. The review underscores the need for rigorous, longitudinal investigations and tailored interventions to advance theoretical models and optimize psychological preparation in elite sport.

Abstract
This study aimed to confirm a factor structure of the Portuguese version of the 9-item Resilience Scale proposed by Siu et al. (2009). Participants were 121 university students, 79 females and 42 males, attending a Portuguese higher education institution, aged between 19 and 31 years (M=20.96; SD=1.96). The results showed that the one-factor model presented good adjustment indicators (& chi;2/df=1.554, CFI=.961, NNFI=.941, GFI=.996, RMSEA=.068, SRMR=.051, AIC=79.004 e MECVI=.690). As for reliability, Cronbach's alpha was .835, and composite reliability .766, both considered acceptable. We conclude that the Portuguese version of the Resilience Scale (ER-9) presents a unifactorial structure pointing to psychometric indicators that justify its application in samples of university students.