Abstract
The present study evaluated the ability of Attenuated Total Reflectance - Mid-Infrared (ATR-MIR) spectroscopy combined with Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to discriminate the origin and harvest year of 'Tempranillo' grape clones and with Partial Least Squares (PLS) regressions to predict its contents in soluble solids (SS), pH and titratable acidity (TA). Normalized spectra of grape homogenates and normalized plus 1st Derivative spectra of grape skins allowed an overall percentage of correct classifications of 99.6% and 96.7% in validation, according to origin, and 98.3% and 90.0% in validation, according to harvest year, respectively. The normalized spectra of grape homogenates allowed a calibration and validation determination coefficients (R-2) of 0.92 and 0.90 for SS, 0.90 and 0.84 for pH, 0.88 and 0.84 for TA, respectively. The ATR-MIR combined with multivariate analysis showed to be an appropriate tool to assist the clonal selection process of 'Tempranillo'.

Abstract
Phaseolus vulgaris L. is the most commonly consumed legume in the world, given its high vegetable protein content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant properties. It also represents one of the most sustainable, low-carbon and sources of food available at present to man. This study aims to identify the nutrients, antinutrients, phenolic composition, and antioxidant profile of 10 common bean cultivars (Arikara yellow, butter, cranberry, red kidney, navy, pinto, black, brown eyed, pink eyed, and tarrestre) from two harvest years, thereby assessing the potential of each cultivar for specific applications in the food industry. Navy and pink eyed beans showed higher potential for enrichment of foodstuffs and gluten-free products due to their higher protein and amino acid contents. Additionally, red kidney, cranberry and Arikara yellow beans had the highest content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties, which can act as functional ingredients in food products, thus bringing health benefits. Our study highlights the potential of using specific bean cultivars in the development of nutrient-enriched food and as functional ingredients in diets designed for disease prevention and treatment.

Abstract
Genetic improvement in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is performed mainly through clonal selection processes. This procedure takes advantage of the intro-varietal genetic variability existing in ancient varieties. It focuses on the selection of the most promising genotypes for certain quantitative characteristics, such as yield, soluble solids content, acidity, anthocyanins, tannins, among others, always preserving the intra-varietal diversity. In the present work, we evaluated the performance of 30 clones of Tempranillo' grape in two distinct trial sites at the Douro Demarcated Region (DDR), Cavernelho and Sao Luiz, during two consecutive years, measuring phytochemical content and oenological potential parameters. Significant differences between clones related to phytochemical content and antiradical activity, were observed in the Cavernelho and Sao Luiz fields, besides some oenological parameters in Sao Luiz. Among years, significant differences for clones, in total phenols and antiradical activity by the DPPH method were observed in both fields. In Sao Luiz, such differences were also found for the contents in anthocyanins, flavonoids and ortho-diphenols. Concerning the differences between samples from the same clone in the two fields, the greatest number of significant differences was observed for the anthocyanins content in 2016. A set of ten Tempranillo' grape clones displayed behavioral stability associated with appropriate values of soluble solids, titratable acidity and phytochemical content.

Abstract
Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), represent the most consumed legume worldwide and constitute an important source of protein, being also known to contain antinutritional compounds, which compromise nutrients' bioavailability. However, the standard methodologies to assess these constituents are time-consuming and complex. Therefore, the present study evaluated the suitability of near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopies for the development of simple and reliable methods to assess protein, lipids, tannins and phytic acid contents, besides specific amino acids, in whole bean flours. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to develop analytical models, and external validation was performed. NIR displayed better performance for the evaluation of protein, lipids, tannins and phytic acid contents, and MIR, for the assessment of specific amino acids. In both techniques, the use of the 1st derivative was the best data treatment. Overall, both techniques represent reliable methods to evaluate the proximate and antinutritional composition of bean flours.

Abstract
Foreseen climate change points to shifts in agricultural production patterns worldwide, which may impact ecosystems directly, as well as the economic and cultural contexts of the wine industry. Moreover, the combined effects of environmental threats (light, temperature, and water relations) at different scales are expected to impair natural grapevine mechanisms, decreasing yield and the quality of grapes. Hence, the interaction between several factors, such as climate, terroir features, grapevine stress responses, site-specific spatial-temporal variability, and the management practices applied, which represents and effective challenge for sustainable Mediterranean viticulture, allowed researchers to develop adaptive strategies to cope with environmental stresses. Here, we review the effects of abiotic stresses on Mediterranean-like climate viticulture and the impacts of summer stress on grapevine growth, yield, and quality potential, as well as the subsequent plant responses and the available adaptation strategies for winegrowers and researchers. Our main findings are as follows: (1) environmental stresses can trigger dynamic responses in grapevines, comprising photosynthesis, phenology, hormonal balance, berry composition, and the antioxidant machinery; (2) field research methodologies, laboratory techniques, and precision viticulture are essential tools to evaluate grapevine performance and the potential quality for wine production; and (3) advances in the existing adaptation strategies are vital to maintain sustainability and regional wine identity in a changing climate. Also, these topics suggest that rational and focused management of grapevines may enlighten grapevine summer stress responses and improve the resilience of agro-ecosystems under harsh conditions. Despite the challenge of developing different strategic responses, winegrowers should clearly define their objectives, so applied research can provide rational technical support for the decision making process towards sustainable viticulture.

Abstract
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been applied in tandem with multivariate statistical approaches, with the prospect of developing a methodology for the prediction of interesting traits in distinct clones of “Olea europaea L.” For this purpose, the infrared spectra of either the drupes or the corresponding olive oils of 6 distinct clones of the Cobrançosa cultivar, in 2 ripening stages (semi-ripe and ripe), have been registered resorting to an attenuated total reflection accessory. These clones were previously evaluated with respect to antioxidant activity and olive oil yield, while multivariate analyses, namely, partial least squares regression and discriminant analysis have been applied to the spectral data collected to obtain a prediction model for the assessment of these traits in distinct clones through the infrared spectra. This methodology leads to minimal erroneous classification rates in the validation procedure of 3.9% and 6.3% for olives and olive oils, respectively, using the first derivative of the spectra. Thus, the suitability of this methodology for the assessment of different clones has been shown with visible benefits for a time consuming and costly process such as clonal selection. Furthermore, this procedure might be extended for other cultivars or different species once proper calibration models are attained for each matrix. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.