Abstract
Nowadays, the large penetration of wind power generation poses new challenges for dynamic voltage stability analysis of an electric power system. The practical importance of dynamic voltage stability analysis is to help in designing and selecting counter-measures in order to avoid voltage collapse and enhance system stability. The impact of wind integration on reactive reserve requirements is a current area of interest for renewable integration studies and power system operators. In this paper is studied a new wind power plant model with reactive power management. The active power and the frequency management are taken into account too. The developed model can be used to represent, in a simplified way, an entire wind farm in order to simulate the dynamic voltage stability of the system, whatever the technology involved in the wind turbine. The system is completely modelled by a single dynamic converter model with appropriate control loops intended to reproduce the overall response of a wind farm for different grid events, such as faults or voltage and reactive power management at the point of common coupling.

Abstract
This work presents a risk analysis performed to stationary Li-ion batteries within the framework of the STABALID project. The risk analysis had as main objective analysing the variety of hazards and dangerous situations that might be experienced by the battery during its life cycle and providing useful information on how to prevent or manage those undesired events. The first task of the risk analysis was the identification of all the hazards (or risks) that may arise during the battery life cycle. Afterwards, the hazards identified were mapped in the different stages of the battery life cycle and two analyses were performed for each stage: an internal problem analysis and an external peril analysis. For both, the dangerous phenomena and the undesirable events resulting from each hazard was evaluated in terms of probability of occurrence and severity. Then, a risk assessment was carried out according to a predefined risk matrix and a preliminary set of risk mitigation measures were proposed to reduce their probability of occurrence and/or their severity level. The results obtained show that it is possible to reduce the probability of occurrence/severity of all the risks associated to the battery life cycle to acceptable or tolerable levels.

Abstract
This paper presents the results of an indoor localization experiment that uses spread spectrum modulated audio signals. Indoor spaces do not have line-of-sight to global navigation satellite systems and do not have a truly universal localization system to allow mobile devices to localize themselves. Previous approaches focused in using custom made hardware with several types of signals that, even though with good performance, are not feasible to adopt in a wide scale utilization. The proposed approach uses pre-existent off-the-shelf hardware and easy to handle audio signals present in our everyday lives. However, the challenges when using audible and very susceptible to multipath types of signals are many and require validation of the subjacent principles. An experiment in a real indoor environment was conducted to estimate localization while using spread spectrum noise like signals barely perceptible to people. Results demonstrated a 1.3 cm average accuracy in the center area. These and other results demonstrate the possibility of the use of audio signals with all the advantages regarding wide scale dissemination of an indoor localization solution.

Abstract
In this paper a novel battery electric vehicle (BEV) concept based on a small fixed and a big swappable li-ion battery pack is proposed in order to achieve: longer range, lower initial purchase price and lower energy consumption at short ranges. For short ranges the BEV is only powered by the relatively small fixed battery pack, without the large swappable battery pack. In this way the mass of the vehicle is reduced and therefore the energy consumed per unit distance is improved. For higher ranges the BEV is powered by both battery packs. This concept allows the introduction of subscription-based ownership models to distribute the cost of the large battery pack over the vehicle lifetime. A methodology is proposed for the analysis and evaluation of the proposed concept in comparison with a direct owned non swappable single pack BEV, proving that significant improvements on city fuel economy (up to 20 %) and economic benefits are achievable under several scenarios. These results encourage further study of battery swapping service plans and energy management strategies.

Abstract
During many years, battery models have been proposed with different levels of accuracy and complexity. In some cases, simple low-order aggregated battery pack models may be more appropriate and feasible than complex physic-chemical or high-order multi-cell battery pack models. For example: in early stages of the system design process, in non-focused battery applications, or whenever low configuration effort or low computational complexity is a requirement. The latter may be the case of Electrical Equivalent Circuit Models (EECM) suitable for energy optimization purposes at a system level in the context of energy management or sizing problem of energy storage systems. In this paper, an improved parametrization method for Li-ion linear static EECMs based on the so called concept of direct current resistance (DCR) is presented. By drawing on a DCR-based parametrization, the influence of both diffusion polarization effects and changing of Open-Circuit Voltage (OCV) are virtually excluded on the estimation of the battery's inner resistance. This results in a parametrization that only accounts for pure ohmic and charge transfer effects, which may be beneficial, since these effects dominate the battery dynamic power response in the range of interest of many applications, including electro-mobility. Model validation and performance evaluation is achieved in simulations by comparison with other low and high order EECM battery models over a dynamic driving profile. Significant improvements in terms of terminal voltage and power losses estimation may be achieved by a DCR-based parametrization, which in its simplest form may only require one short pulse characterization test within a relatively wide range of SoCs and currents. Experimental data from a 53 Ah Li-ion pouch cell produced by Kokam (Type SLPB 120216216) with Nickel Manganese Cobalt oxide (NMC) cathode material is used.

Abstract
Further improvements in demand response programs implementation are needed in order to take full advantage of this resource, namely for the participation in energy and reserve market products, requiring adequate aggregation and remuneration of small size resources. The present paper focuses on SPIDER, a demand response simulation that has been improved in order to simulate demand response, including realistic power system simulation. For illustration of the simulator's capabilities, the present paper is proposes a methodology focusing on the aggregation of consumers and generators, providing adequate tolls for the demand response program's adoption by evolved players. The methodology proposed in the present paper focuses on a Virtual Power Player that manages and aggregates the available demand response and distributed generation resources in order to satisfy the required electrical energy demand and reserve. The aggregation of resources is addressed by the use of clustering algorithms, and operation costs for the VPP are minimized. The presented case study is based on a set of 32 consumers and 66 distributed generation units, running on 180 distinct operation scenarios.