Abstract
Several technological, social and organizational factors influence energy management in school buildings, resulting in a complex situation away from the usual engineering approach. The selection of evaluation criteria to assess the energy performance of school buildings remains one of the most challenging aspects since these should accommodate the perspectives of the potential key stakeholders. This paper presents a comprehensive problem structuring approach combining Soft Systems Methodology and Value Focused Thinking to elicit and organize the multiple aspects that influence energy efficiency of school buildings. The main aim of this work is structuring the fundamental objectives to develop a criteria tree to be considered in a multi-criteria classification model to be used by management entities for rating overall energy performance of school buildings. This methodological framework helped grasping the main issues at stake for a thorough energy performance assessment of school buildings and the need to define adequate policies for improvement.

Abstract
This paper presents a reliability-based approach for the design and deployment of an energy management system (EMS) by using 'smart' applications, such as energy storage (ES), to control battery power output in residential dwellings, and thus improve distribution-network reliability performance. The state of charge (SOC) of the battery system is designed based on time-varying electricity tariff, load demand and solar photovoltaic (PV) generation data to investigate a realistic test-case scenario. Additionally, a typical MV/LV urban distribution system is fully modelled and scripted to investigate the potential benefits that 'smart' interventions can offer to customers' quality of power supply. In this research, Monte-Carlo simulation method is further developed to include the time-variation of electricity demand profiles and failure rates of network components. Accordingly, the reliability-based effects from SOC variation in batteries are compared with an uncontrolled microgeneration (MG) scenario, by using different PV penetration levels to justify the value of control. The benefits are assessed through standard reliability indices measuring frequency and duration of power interruptions and most importantly, the energy not supplied to customers during sustained interruptions.

Abstract
Microgrid, as an emerging small-scale power system comprising a range of power sources, power electronic interfaces, loads, storage units, and being able to supply remote areas or local communities, either can be operated in islanded or grid-connected mode. Based on this concept, this paper proposes the scalability assessment and day-ahead optimization, with time-varying load and time-of-use tariff data in 48 time-periods, for multiple microgrids applied in the accommodation area in a UK university, based on an existing microgrid test system currently under investigation in its Smart Grid Laboratory. Four different scenarios, including weekdays and weekends over two seasons (summer and winter), are analyzed to achieve the optimal scheduling of the microgrid technologies. In addition, a long-term planning assessment, on optimization over 20 years, is presented to discuss the influence of microgrids' power component depreciation and life span on total energy costs and savings.

Abstract
This paper presents an integrated approach for assessing the impact that distributed energy resources (DERs), mostly intermittent in nature, might have on the reliability performance of distribution networks. A test distribution system based on a typical MV/LV urban distribution network in the UK is fully modelled and controlled to investigate the potential benefits that local renewables and energy storage can offer to the quality of power supply to customers. In this analysis, the conventional Monte Carlo method is further developed to include the time-variation of electricity demand profiles and failure rates of network components. Additionally, a theoretical interruption model is employed to assess more accurately the moment in time when interruptions to electricity customers are likely to occur. Accordingly, the impact of the spatio-temporal variation of DERs, with photovoltaic (PV) systems as key enablers, is quantified in terms of the effect of network outages. A range of smart grid functionalities is analysed and their benefits are assessed through standard reliability indices, with special attention to energy not supplied to customers, as well as frequency and duration of supply interruptions.

Abstract
The inclusion and arrangement of protection devices within the LV distribution network often neglected. By exemption of protection devices during network modelling, may result in overestimation of reliability performances. Detail network representation of UK LV residential model is used to assess network reliability performance. The analytical and improved Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS) approaches are used to estimate system-related reliability indices.

Abstract
The growing number of energy consuming devices, together with the increasing demand for energy, has led to an energy crisis in the world today. As electricity is an important factor for the development in the economic growth. At this time, the growing population will bring disaster situations relating to electrical energy and pollution; it will affect both the economy and the citizens and make a barrier in the path to complete with developed countries. In order to overcome the epileptic situation of electrical energy and make our environment clean and green. First, we need to give opportunities for renewable energy to address electricity generation. Second, there is no other way to reduce complexity and eliminate energy problem without using solar energy. The solar energy which is renewable energy, environmental friendly and free of cost but still we face difficulty by complete harnessing of solar energy because of variation of irradiation and temperature to get constant point at the output we will use PI controller.Moreover, there is different classification of inverter we used "PWM inverter" that can take steady DC voltage PWM inverter can take in a steady dc voltage. So as to feed solar voltage to the boost converter to step-up solar voltage we used PI controller to control boost converter and get constant voltage at the output the we feed this boost DC voltage to the 3phase PWM inverter to converter into three phase AC voltage. Finally, the inverter should direct the extent and the recurrence of AC output voltages, and the diode rectifiers are required to settle the line-to-line voltage.