Abstract
Grid scale Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) have a key role for future power systems operation and stability. However, cyclic degradation, intensified by multi-service operation, remains a major challenge, directly affecting battery lifespan and profitability. This study examines BESS participation in energy markets and in automatic frequency restoration reserve (aFRR) markets, assessing the impact of cyclic degradation costs on BESS planning and operation. The methodology involved modelling the daily dispatch of an 8.1 MW lithium-ion battery for participation in day-ahead, intraday and reserve markets, incorporating a degradation cost minimization model. The simulations were conducted using the historical data from Iberian electricity and Portuguese ancillary services market, such as energy prices, historical reserve requirements and AGC forecasts. The results show that reserve market participation is highly profitable and can be successfully complemented with day-ahead and intraday market participation. Also, incorporating cyclic degradation cost into planning extends BESS lifespan in all cases. However, this approach is beneficial only in arbitrage scenarios, while in reserve market participation, it reduces profits. The findings highlight the importance of balancing BESS degradation minimization with profitability, particularly in reserve market participation. Future research could apply this model to different battery technologies and real-world systems to validate the simulated results.

Abstract
It is widely recognized that the well-being, health, and productivity of office workers can be influenced by indoor environmental quality (IEQ) conditions in the workplace. This study aimed to investigate associations between multi-domain IEQ in offices and workers' well-being, health, productivity, and perceived IEQ in 30 open office spaces (6 buildings) located in the urban area of Porto, Portugal. This cross-sectional study included 277 office workers and used a combination of methods to assess their perceptions and physiological responses. Data were collected through questionnaires (covering self-reported well-being, health, productivity, and IEQ satisfaction), pupillometry (autonomic nervous system activity), and concurrent monitoring of IEQ. Correlation, comparative, and regression methods were used to explore associations and differences between IEQ indicators and participants' outcomes. The findings showed that offices typically met acceptable IEQ standards. However, a higher prevalence of health problems and symptoms was observed in offices with higher levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM10), and ultrafine particles (UFP). Interestingly, offices with higher COQ, PM2.5, and volatile organic compounds concentrations were linked to a reduced likelihood of participants reporting asthma, dry cough, and allergies. Additionally, thermal discomfort due to high temperatures, increased PM2.5, UFP, CO2, and O3, and low illuminance appear to reduce eye response in office workers. Higher CO2 and noise levels, and temperatures outside the comfortable range, were linked to lower productivity. The multi-domain analysis showed that perception of multiple IEQ factors significantly explained both self-reported productivity and overall satisfaction with work environment. Overall, ensuring proper IEQ and enhancing workers' satisfaction are essential for creating healthy and productive workplaces.

Abstract
This paper introduces a comprehensive methodology for day-ahead planning of renewable energy systems geared toward green hydrogen and ammonia production. This approach is a forecasting algorithm that uses synthetic data, which feeds a short-term load forecasting (STLF) algorithm to predict the 24-hour hydrogen demand. This capability enables the optimization of hourly system operations, with the goal of maximizing profitability while maintaining system efficiency. The case study presented includes a renewable energy source - photovoltaic power plant (PV) - and a grid connection, which supply power to an electrolyser. Essential supporting infrastructure such as the auxiliary system of the electrolyser is incorporated into the model. Additionally, an electrochemical battery - a battery energy storage system (BESS) - is incorporated, which helps to keep a high electrolyser load factor and creates smoother operating profiles. This BESS also allows the system to contribute to the energy reserves market, enhancing its economic and operational viability.

Abstract
Recently, there has been growing attention on the decarbonisation of maritime transport, particularly regarding the landside operations at ports. This has spurred the development and implementation of strategies and policies aimed at enhancing the environmental performance of port activities. Among these strategies, the electrification of port infrastructure is emerging as a potential industry standard for the future. However, there remains a significant gap in understanding the patterns of electricity consumption in ports and how to forecast them accurately. To address this gap, this paper provides a review of the current literature on electricity demand in ports, examining practical applications, methodologies employed, and their key limitations. The findings indicate that, despite its importance in supporting the electrification process, electricity demand forecasting in ports has not received substantial attention in either industry or academic research, and there are no clearly established policies to support port authorities in obtaining the necessary data. Finally, the paper outlines potential directions for future research and how port authorities or local government agencies can contribute to these efforts.

Abstract
To achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, commercial buildings have installed photovoltaic systems to reduce carbon emissions and operational costs. Nevertheless, PV generation does not always match the building’s energy demand profile, therefore storage systems are needed to store excess energy and supply it when necessary. This paper presents a Mixed Integer Linear Programming optimisation algorithm designed to schedule the operation of the electric storage system, aiming to minimise the building’s energy-related costs. An annual hourly simulation of the optimised system was performed to assess the cost reduction. To prevent excessive operation of the electric storage system, an approach to penalise low energy charging was studied, with results showing a significant increase in the system’s lifespan.

Abstract
Widespread fleet electrification is concentrating electricity demand at commercial depots that face volatile prices, tight feeder limits and scarce chargers. This paper proposes a forecast-aware mixed-integer linear program (MILP) that co-optimises vehicle charging, battery-energy-storage dispatch and photovoltaic self-consumption. The model minimises energy cost plus state-of-charge (SOC) penalties, while enforcing charger exclusivity, battery-health bounds and continuous priority weights. It is evaluated on a 48-interval weekday data set comprising 20 electric vehicles, two 11?kW chargers, half-hourly solar forecasts, factory-load predictions and Iberian day-ahead prices. Relative to an uncontrolled first-come/first-served baseline, the optimiser cuts total charging expenditure by 49?%, inceases SOC compliance from 35?% to 65?%, increases PV self-consumption from 33.4?% to 35.5?% and lowers grid-attributed CO2 emissions by 66?%. A modest rise in instantaneous demand is held within transformer limits through strategic battery discharge. These results confirm that predictive scheduling transforms depot charging from a passive load into a cost-optimal, carbon-aware asset and motivate future extensions that embed stochastic forecasts, vehicle-to-grid services. route-energy coupling and Keywords. EV fleet charging; mixed-integer linear programming; battery energy self-consumption; predictive scheduling