Abstract
Increasing power injection of distributed energy resources (DER) (including prosumers) has been changing the way the distribution system is operated and managed. Thus, conventional network usage tariffs are no longer fair enough to distribute the network costs to the various system participants. Within this scope, this work studies innovative cost allocation models that fairly distribute fixed, network usage and power losses costs to all system participants. A three-stage model is designed, in which: (i) an alternating current optimal power flow (AC OPF) for the distribution grid is performed; (ii) two different power tracing models (namely, the Abdelkader's and Bialek's tracing methods) are implemented and compared; and (iii) the distribution of costs through a MW-mile variant. The model is tested and validated in a 33-node distribution network considering high penetration of DER. © 2019 IEEE.

Abstract
The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources, along with developments in house management systems, are supporting prosumers to play an active role in the electricity market. In particular, a peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity market is an attractive framework to allow direct transactions between prosumers. However, this may raise several challenges in the operation and management of the distribution grid. In this context, the main contribution of this paper is the design of P2P electricity markets taking into account grid characteristics while solving potential congestion and voltage problems. The paper proposes a coordination methodology between P2P markets and distribution system operator (DSO) allocating a grid tariff to the prosumers that cause grid limit violations. Such tariff is defined based on the euclidean distance among trading prosumers, which is implemented in the P2P market through product differentiation approach. The proposed methodology is compared to a benchmark model in a representative distribution grid with 138 nodes and 109 prosumers. An important conclusion is that the proposed methodology is capable of achieving a trade-off between prosumers P2P transactions and grid operation.

Abstract
This paper estimates the profit of the joint operation of a wind farm and a li-ion battery energy storage system (BESS) in the Iberian electricity market (MIBEL). The day-ahead and first intraday energy markets, and the tertiary regulation market are considered to optimize the joint operation of both assets. A rolling window combined with a non-linear optimization model are used to design the operation strategy. The BESS lifetime (as a function of the depth of discharge) is considered in the optimization problem, and different BESS capacities and initial state of charge values are tested to determine their approximate optimum values. The model and strategy designed were tested using real data from the MIBEL market and predicted data from Sotavento wind farm. The resulting incomes were compared to the BESS investments costs to determine, for a given capacity, when the project becomes viable. © 2019 IEEE.

Abstract
Among conventional generation technologies in Spain, Combined Cycle Gas Turbines (CCGT) is the one that has experienced the largest development over the first decade of the 21st century. However, despite its promising future, multiple factors (such as the renewable generation increase, demand decline, adverse regulatory policies, etc.) have compromised their competitive position, reducing their capacity factor and undermining their financial viability. Because of those issues, electricity companies are giving up on new CCGTs investments, or even considering closing or mothballing some of their recently built plants. However, many still claim for the necessity of maintaining flexible backup technologies to cope with the variability of renewable energies, as a transition technology until energy storage or other future technologies emerge. This paper makes a profitability analysis of CCGTs in the Spanish electric power sector under different scenarios of RES penetration, carbon plants decommissioning, CO2 emission costs and EV penetration.

Abstract
European energy strategy towards decarbonization, and its practical implementations in the different EU countries, will imply a continuous increase of variable (non-dispatchable) renewable energy (VRE), like wind and solar PV generation. This increasing VRE along with the progressive closing of current greenhouse gas (GHG) emitting plants, will decrease the net demand (inflexible demand minus non-dispatchable generation), reducing the amount of dispatchable generation needed to face both low VRE periods and larger net demand ramps. These problems need to be assessed to anticipate possible mismatches between net demand values and ramps, and the available resources with generation and ramping capabilities, so that the security and quality of supply is guaranteed. In case of expected risk, regulatory mechanisms, such as new market clearing rules or incentives to new flexibility sources or to new generation and storage technologies, could be required. This paper looks at the possible evolution of the Portuguese power system focusing on the net demand ramp problem. The historical and expected evolution of the hourly ramps of the net demand are analyzed considering different scenarios of high wind and solar PV penetration, according to different degrees of convergence to the EU energy strategic objectives.

Abstract
This paper aims to model collaborative behaviours related to distributed generation investments in a residential neighbourhood, by means of Cooperative Game Theory (CGT). The main objective is to analyse the economic impact of the installation of photovoltaic solar panels and batteries, and the assessment of the potential energy savings due to the cooperation among residential households. In this regard, both the purchase of needed energy from the grid and the sale of the spare energy from the households' self-generation to the grid are considered. The comparison between cooperative and non-cooperative behaviours in the investments and energy management decisions is analysed based on the Shapley value, a cost sharing method from CGT, concluding that cooperation among prosumers to share energy in a residential energy community is in general more efficient than prosumers making individual decisions.