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Publications

Publications by SYSTEM

2025

Mobile-Depots and Cargo Bikes Towards a Sustainable Last-Mile Future

Authors
Silva, V; Amaral, A; Fontes, T;

Publication
TRANSPORT TRANSITIONS: ADVANCING SUSTAINABLE AND INCLUSIVE MOBILITY, TRA CONFERENCE, 2024, VOL 4

Abstract
E-commerce growth is driving the need for novel, more sustainable last-mile delivery strategies. One potential strategy is based on setting up a mobile-depot from where last-mile deliveries are conducted using cargo bikes. This research explores the impacts of this strategy through a microscopic traffic simulation based on a medium-sized European city. The strategy was evaluated at three levels: operational (route length and duration), energy consumption, and emissions. The results showed that adopting a last-mile delivery strategy based on a mobiledepot and cargo bikes leads to significant benefits in terms of energy consumption and emission, which decrease by more than 80 %, but imply lengthier (+49 %) and more time-consuming (+14 %) routes compared to a traditional parcel delivery strategy.

2025

Re-planning e-Commerce Logistics Considering the Synergies Between Last-Mile Delivery Technologies

Authors
Silva, V; Fontes, T;

Publication
HUMAN-CENTRED TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE, VOL 2, IAMOT

Abstract
E-commerce popularity has increased the challenges of parcel deliveries, highlighting the urgency in addressing the sustainability of the last-mile, which is considered the most ineffective part of the supply chain and a source of environmental and social issues. Although different alternative last-mile technologies have already been proposed, they all imply complex trade-offs. This study explores how synergies between delivery technologies could improve last-mile logistics. It evaluates the trade-offs between electric vans, cargo bikes, and parcel lockers, and takes into account factors such as package size, consumer requirement, and urban context. The adoption of a combined delivery strategy suggests environmental and social benefits like the mitigation of congestion and emissions while ensuring advantages for companies due to streamlined operations and offering consumers a broader range of choices.

2025

WordPress Architecture Modernization Projects

Authors
Ferreira, D; Pereira, T; Mendes, I; Amaral, A;

Publication
Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, LNICST

Abstract
Technological evolution is very present in today’s world. The Internet of Everything (IoE) is one of the next steps in this evolution. WordPress is a website-building tool that is used today to its minimum capability. The main problem is how to make WordPress customizable and reliable to support device networking and communication. This can be done by implementing a new architecture that supports WordPress as a powerful tool, allowing for scalability and maintenance. The adoption of a recent trend known as DevOps is an important step in creating and developing a strong website and ensuring its integration with multiple devices. It emphasizes continuous testing, delivery, and integration. This article is based on a literature review to justify using micro-services architecture and the DevOps approach to build a reliable and robust working tool in WordPress that can be part of the IoE. © ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2025.

2025

Academic Mobility as a Service (AMaaS) Cybersecurity Challenges

Authors
Barreto, L; Amaral, A; Pereira, T; Baltazar, S;

Publication
Lecture Notes in Intelligent Transportation and Infrastructure

Abstract
The current era where living demands an accelerated digital transition mainly focused on encouraging a smarter, healthier, and more sustainable mobility, in all its dimensions – a must concern for the young generations. The convergence through several digital services and APP can be an attitudes and perception changer within the group of academic mobility users’, promoting a more sustainable and better mobility choices that impact on the academic user’s mobility routines. Thus, encouraging a global shift to shared and active mobility services and systems bringing significant contributions to environmental sustainability and, also, to users’ health. The Academic Mobility as a Service (AMaaS) provide a digital service with mobility alternatives to support the academic population geographically located in different faculty campuses and Higher Education Institutions (HEI). The AMaaS applied to a restrict group is helpful to test innovative transport solutions and its high cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Despite the shortage of AMaaS case studies and the lack of security reference, it is imperative that a cybersecurity by design is planned and included in AMaaS design. In this paper AMaaS critical cybersecurity challenges, and potential risks are discussed and AMaaS Security by Design framework is described. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

2025

Key Industry 4.0 Technologies for Sustainable Built Environments: A Scope Review of Technology Integration and Its Impacts on Sustainability

Authors
MacHado, F; Amaral, A; Duarte, N; Araújo, M;

Publication
IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

Abstract
This paper systematically maps how digital transformation technologies associated with Industry 4.0 (I4.0) are conceptualised in relation to concerns within the built environment regarding sustainability. Employing a hybrid methodology that combines scoping review, bibliometric mapping, and thematic analysis, an initial corpus of 1513 documents from Web of Science and Scopus was refined to 83 influential peer-reviewed publications. The analysis identified thirteen key I4.0 technologies for sustainability in the built environment that are frequently discussed, including Building Information Modelling (BIM), Digital Twins (DT), Internet of Things (IoT), Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and others, each demonstrating varying degrees of explicit sustainability relevance. Notably, the study uncovered recurrent combinations, or "technology stacks", such as BIM integrated with DT and IoT, or Blockchain combined with BIM and IoT, which significantly enhance sustainability outcomes through interoperability and functional synergies. Despite these findings, substantial conceptual fragmentation and inconsistent terminology were noted across the literature, limiting theoretical coherence and empirical validation. The study highlights the importance of standardised taxonomies and comprehensive empirical studies to rigorously validate technology stacks and their sustainability impacts across diverse built environment contexts. © 2025 IEEE.

2025

Maturity or readiness? How to measure the levels of digitalisation? The case of Tâmega e Sousa Region

Authors
Duarte, N; Pereira, C; Carneiro, D;

Publication
International Journal of Economics and Business Research

Abstract
Digitalisation is mandatory for today’s companies. Living in the Era of Industry 4.0, the phenomenon of digital transformation cannot be ignored. Intending to support manufacturing companies in their digitalisation processes, the present paper reflects the work that has been carried on, to support the digital transition for manufacturing companies in the region of Tâmega e Sousa. This region is considered to be an industrial region located in the North of Portugal, but lagging in terms of digital technology adoption. In a theoretical framework, it is expected to identify the most relevant factors to promote a successful digital strategy. Supported by a Science Design methodology, a platform was developed to support the measurement of the maturity or digital companies’ readiness levels. To collect the necessary data were performed questionnaires. First, in a face-to-face approach and later through the platform developed. The (preliminary) results are based on a sample of 53 companies (pilot test). From this data, it was possible to identify some trends: 1) some behaviours indicate that the region is still in the digitisation phase; 2) the digitisation focus is in the processes dimension; 3) even performing a digital transition, companies do not invest in in-house IT solutions. Copyright © 2025 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

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