Abstract

Abstract
An augmented reality system allows you to combine real and virtual objects in a real environment, interactively and in real-time, features that give these systems a high potential in learning environments. This paper discusses the fundamentals of information technology in education. In particular, it explores the mobile augmented reality as a tool to support learning. It also proposes a model for supporting learning environments attended by interactive multimedia environments using augmented reality on mobile devices. © IEEE.

Abstract
Portugal started its "formal" path to the Information Society in 1997 with the creation of the "Green Paper on the Information Society". In 2000, the "Operational Programme for the Information Society" was created and based on three main pillars. Having been created as part of the second pillar, "Portugal Digital", the "Digital Cities and Regions" initiative, aimed at developing the Information Society on a regional basis. In this article an overview is made on the purposes and results of the projects incorporated in the "Digital Cities and Regions" initiative. The goals of several projects were analysed. From this analysis a summary chart and a brief discussion of the Goals of the Digital Projects were made.

Abstract
In the last decade, an increasing number of techniques have been developed to reproduce high dynamic range imagery on traditional displays. These techniques, known as Tone Mapping Operators (TMOs), have been compared and ranked in different ways according to several image characteristics. However, none of these algorithms has been developed specifically for small screen devices (SSD). In this paper, we present an evaluation of currently used TMOs to show that SSDs with limited size, resolution and colour depth require specific research to find or create an appropriate solution. The research described in this paper is based on psychophysical experiments; using three different types of displays (CRT, LCD and SSD). The obtained results show that rankings obtained are similar for the LCD and CRT but are significantly different for the SSD. Furthermore, these rankings show additionally that some characteristics of TMOs need to be emphasized to obtain better high-fidelity mapped images for SSDs.

Abstract
Technology has profoundly changed the way we learn and live. Indeed, such relationship appears to be quite complex, within IT contexts, and especially in socially and technologically rich learning environments, where related skills and learning are progressively required and fostered. Thus, if a satisfactory level of intellectual performance and social competence of a primary school pupil is indeed highly dependent on the type of participation that parents offer their children, IT, in general, and Internet, in particular, may well provide a new paradigm, setting forth that education and communication approach is truly more complex than ever before. It is on the basis of such paradigm that we therefore present a case study where a set of multimedia exercises were used in order to possibly improve the mathematical skills of pupils, one with mental retardation and another with cerebral palsy. Being part of a Web-based system to support students' learning, the referred set of multimedia exercises proved to be the children's favorite, rather than exercises in paper form, which also led the children to show a fair more positive attitude towards learning. Also, we observed that through the mentioned multimedia exercises, the children became far more autonomous, interested, persistent, happy, and able to easily absorb the material as well as more willingly to continue on working.

Abstract
Nowadays, the usage of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in order to ease the interaction with software applications is preferred over command line interfaces. Despite recent advances in software testing, GUIs are still tested in a complete ad-hoc, manual fashion, with little support from (industrial) testing tools. Automating the process of testing GUIs has additional challenges when compared to command-line applications. This paper presents an approach for GUI (semi-automated) testing which uses knowledge of the common behaviour of a GUI. To do so, the most common aspects in a GUI are identified and then a suite of test cases is automatically generated and executed. To validate our approach, we have run it against well known web-based applications, such as GMail. © 2010 IEEE.