Abstract
The increasing connectivity of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices has accentuated their susceptibility to cyberattacks. The sensitive data they handle makes them prime targets for information theft and extortion, while outdated and insecure communication protocols further elevate security risks. This paper presents a lightweight and innovative approach that combines Benford's law with statistical distance functions to detect attacks in IoMT devices. The methodology uses Benford's law to analyze digit frequency and classify IoMT devices traffic as benign or malicious, regardless of attack type. It employs distance-based statistical functions like Jensen-Shannon divergence, KullbackLeibler divergence, Pearson correlation, and the Kolmogorov test to detect anomalies. Experimental validation was conducted on the CIC-IoMT-2024 benchmark dataset, comprising 45 features and multiple attack types. The best performance was achieved with the Kolmogorov test (alpha = 0.01), particularly in DoS ICMP attacks, yielding a precision of.99.24%, a recall of.98.73%, an F1 score of.98.97%, and an accuracy of.97.81%. Jensen-Shannon divergence also performed robustly in detecting SYN-based attacks, demonstrating strong detection with minimal computational cost. These findings confirm that Benford's law, when combined with well-chosen statistical distances, offers a viable and efficient alternative to machine learning models for anomaly detection in constrained environments like IoMT.

Abstract
Ensuring the security of Industrial Control Systems (ICS) is increasingly critical due to increasing connectivity and cyber threats. Traditional security measures often fail to detect evolving attacks, necessitating more effective solutions. This paper evaluates machine learning (ML) methods for ICS cybersecurity, using the ICS-Flow dataset and Optuna for hyperparameter tuning. The selected models, namely Random Forest (RF), AdaBoost, XGBoost, Deep Neural Networks, Artificial Neural Networks, ExtraTrees (ET), and Logistic Regression, are assessed using macro-averaged F1-score to handle class imbalance. Experimental results demonstrate that ensemble-based methods (RF, XGBoost, and ET) offer the highest overall detection performance, particularly in identifying commonly occurring attack types. However, minority classes, such as IP-Scan, remain difficult to detect accurately, indicating that hyperparameter tuning alone is insufficient to fully deal with imbalanced ICS data. These findings highlight the importance of complementary measures, such as focused feature selection, to enhance classification capabilities and protect industrial networks against a wider array of threats.

Abstract
The paradigm of Device as a Service (DaaS) is one where devices are used as part of a service, with the user having no ownership over them. A centralised, web-based approach can be envisioned to support such a business model, but such lacks transparency, availability, and global scalability. A blockchain-based solution is proposed to support such a business model. The concept of a blockchain-assisted DaaS is novel and, by using smart contracts to support key interactions between relevant entities, marks a shift in device ownership, management, and revenue generation.

Abstract
Adopting innovative technologies such as blockchain and additive manufacturing can help organisations promote the development of additive symbiotic networks, thus pursuing higher sustainable goals and implementing circular economy strategies. These symbiotic networks correspond to industrial symbiosis networks in which wastes and by-products from other industries are incorporated into additive manufacturing processes. The adoption of blockchain technology in such a context is still in a nascent stage. Using the case study method, this research demonstrates the adoption of blockchain technology in an additive symbiotic network of a real-life context. The requirements to use a blockchain network are identified, and an architecture based on smart contracts is proposed as an enabler of the additive symbiotic network under study. The proposed solution uses the Hyperledger Fabric Attribute-Based Access Control as the distributed ledger technology. Even though this solution is still in the proof-of-concept stage, the results show that adopting it would allow the elimination of intermediary entities, keep available tracking records of the resources exchanged, and improve trust among the symbiotic stakeholders (that do not have any trust or cooperation mechanisms established before the symbiotic relationship). This study highlights that the complexity associated with introducing a novel technology and the technology's immaturity compared to other data storage technologies are some of the main challenges related to using blockchain technology in additive symbiotic networks.

Abstract
The proliferation of disinformation on social media platforms poses a significant challenge to the reliability of online information ecosystems and the protection of public discourse. This study investigates the role of emotional sequences in detecting intentionally misleading messages disseminated on social networks. To this end, we apply a methodological pipeline that combines semantic segmentation, automatic emotion recognition, and sequential pattern mining. Emotional sequences are extracted at the subsentence level, preserving each message's temporal order of emotional cues. Comparative analyses reveal that disinformation messages exhibit a higher prevalence of negative emotions, particularly fear, anger, and sadness, interspersed with neutral segments. Moreover, false messages frequently employ complex emotional progressions-alternating between high-intensity negative emotions and emotionally neutral passages-designed to capture attention and maximize engagement. In contrast, messages from reliable sources tend to follow simpler, more linear emotional trajectories, with a greater prevalence of positive emotions such as joy. Our dataset encompasses multiple categories of disinformation, enabling a fine-grained analysis of how emotional sequencing varies across different types of misleading content. Furthermore, we validate our approach by comparing it against a publicly available disinformation dataset, demonstrating the generalizability of our findings. The results highlight the importance of analyzing temporal emotional patterns to distinguish disinformation from verified content, reinforcing the value of integrating emotional sequences into machine learning pipelines to enhance disinformation detection. This work contributes to the growing body of research emphasizing the relationship between emotional manipulation and the virality of misleading content online.

Abstract
Automated assessment tools for programming assignments have become increasingly popular in computing education. These tools offer a cost-effective and highly available way to provide timely and consistent feedback to students. However, when evaluating a logically incorrect source code, there are some reasonable concerns about the formative gap in the feedback generated by such tools compared to that of human teaching assistants. A teaching assistant either pinpoints logical errors, describes how the program fails to perform the proposed task, or suggests possible ways to fix mistakes without revealing the correct code. On the other hand, automated assessment tools typically return a measure of the program's correctness, possibly backed by failing test cases and, only in a few cases, fixes to the program. In this paper, we introduce a tool, AsanasAssist, to generate formative feedback messages to students to repair functionality mistakes in the submitted source code based on the most similar algorithmic strategy solution. These suggestions are delivered with incremental levels of detail according to the student's needs, from identifying the block containing the error to displaying the correct source code. Furthermore, we evaluate how well the automatically generated messages provided by AsanasAssist match those provided by a human teaching assistant. The results demonstrate that the tool achieves feedback comparable to that of a human grader while being able to provide it just in time.