Abstract
Purpose: The goal of XPRESS is to establish a breakthrough for the factory of the future with a new flexible production concept based on the generic idea of "specialized intelligent process units" ("Manufactrons") integrated in cross-sectoral learning networks for a customized production. XPRESS meets the challenge to integrate intelligence and flexibility at the "highest" level of the production control system as well as at the "lowest" level of the singular machine. Design/methodology/approach: Architecture of a manufactronic networked factory is presented, making it possible to generate particular manufactrons for the specific tasks, based on the automatic analysis of its required features. Findings: The manufactronic factory concept meets the challenge to integrate intelligence and flexibility at the "highest" level of the production control system as well as at the "lowest" level of the singular machine. The quality assurance system provided a 100% inline quality monitoring, destructive costs reduced 30%-49%, the ramp-up time for the set-up of production lines decreased up to 50% and the changeover time decreased up to 80%. Research limitations/implications: Specific features of the designed manufactronic architecture, namely the transport manufactrons, have been tested as separate mechanisms which can be merged into the final comprehensive at a later stage.Practical implications: This concept is demonstrated in the automotive and aeronautics industries, but can be easily transferred to nearly all production processes. Using the manufactronic approach, industrial players will be able to anticipate and to respond to rapidly changing consumer needs, producing high-quality products in adequate quantities while reducing costs. Originality/value: Assembly units composed of manufactrons can flexibly perform varying types of complex tasks, whereas today this is limited to a few pre-defined tasks. Additionally, radical innovations of the manufactronic networked factory include the knowledge and responsibility segregation and trans-sectoral process learning in specialist knowledge networks.

Abstract
This paper looks to the semantic web and Web 3.0 technologies as an enabler for the creation of value and new emergent business models. It describes the concept of Web 3.0, its properties and its major differences in relation with previous Web 2.0 concept. Furthermore, the paper proposes eight business models that a company can follow to adopt a successful Web 3.0 business strategy. © 2011 AISTI.

Abstract
As the social character of the Web grows stronger, online multimedia resources become more tangled, exhibiting multiple and complex relationships. Often, these relationships are not easily spotted by search engines because they are not explicit. Still, when searching for content, users would certainly appreciate to receive results indicating all resources that are somehow related to their topic of interest without having to explicitly request for it. In spite of this trend, current technology for declaring and describing resources on the Internet as well as their inter-relationships is very much fragmented and the most commonly used standards, such as HTML, do not offer adequate functionality. While the goal of the MPEG-21 standard is to provide an all encompassing, universal and standard way to perform the declaration of digital resources, the work being developed in the IST CONVERGENCE project has shown that this standard, (specifically its part 3, Digital Item Identification), also has a limited ability to specify relationships between digital resources. This document presents a proposed extension to MPEG-21 Digital Item Identification, which enables it to support a uniform, semantically expressive and precise specification of the relationships between MPEG-21 digital items, rendering it a much more effective tool for a ubiquitous representation and interconnection of digital resources. © 2011 IEEE.

Abstract
In ecological economics the debate on formalism and formalization has been addressed in the context of a lively discussion on ecological economics as a 'post-normal' (versus 'normal') science. Using ecological economics (EE) as a 'seed' journal and applying bibliometric techniques to all (2533) the articles published in EE from January 1989 to December 2009, we analyze the evolution of the field of ecological economics aiming to shed light on this debate. We observe the predominance (and increased relevance) of certain research topics: 'Methodological issues', 'Policies, governance and institutions' and 'Valuation'. Moreover, 'Collective action', 'Technical change and the environment' and 'Values' stand as emergent themes of research. Finally, we note that ecological economics experienced an 'empirical turn' reflected in a shift away from exclusively formalized papers towards exclusively empirical and, to a larger extent, 'formal and empirical' ones. The combination of the prominent and emergent topics and the 'empirical turn' mirrors the increasing awareness among researchers in the field of the need to address a key specificity of ecological economics - the interdependence of the economic, biophysical and social spheres. On this basis, we argue that at least through the lens of EE, ecological economics has evolved towards a post-normal science.

Abstract
Neo-Schumpeterian streams of research emphasize the close relationship between changes in economic structure in favor of high-skill and high-tech branches and rapid economic growth. They identify the emergence of a new technological paradigm in the 1970s, strongly based on the application of information and communication technologies (ICTs), arguing that in such periods of transition and emergence of new techno-economic paradigms, the intermediate development countries and the countries which are not at the technological frontier have higher opportunities to catch-up. Although this debate is theoretically well documented, the empirics seem to lag behind the theory. In this article, we contribute to this literature by adding enlightening evidence on the issue. More precisely, we relate the growth experiences of countries which had relatively similar economic structures in the late 1970s, with changes occurring in these countries' structures between 1979 and 2003. The results reveal a robust relationship between structure and (labor) productivity growth, and lend support to the view that producing (though not user) ICT-related industries are strategic branches of economic activity.

Abstract
Despite the vitality and dynamism that the field of entrepreneurship has experienced in the last decade, the issue of whether it comprises an effective network of (in)formal communication linkages among the most influential scholars within the area has yet to be examined in depth. This study follows a formal selection procedure to delimit the 'relational environment' of the field of entrepreneurship and to analyze the existence and characterization of (in)visible college(s) based on a theoretically well-grounded framework, thus offering a comprehensive and up-to-date empirical analysis of entrepreneurship research. Based on more than a 1,000 papers published between 2005 and 2010 in seven core entrepreneurship journals and the corresponding (85,000) citations, we found that entrepreneurship is an (increasingly) autonomous, legitimate and cohesive (in)visible college, fine tuned through the increasing visibility of certain subject specialties (e.g., family business, innovation, technology and policy). Moreover, the rather dense formal links that characterize the entrepreneurship (in)visible college are accompanied by a reasonably solid network of informal relations maintained and sustained by the mobility of 'stars' and highly influential scholars. The limited internationalization of the entrepreneurship community, reflected in the almost total absence of non-English-speaking authors/studies/outlets, stands as a major quest for the field.