Abstract

Abstract
There is no consensus on the method to set transmission tariffs for natural gas. The entry-exit system is widely used in European markets because it is cost reflective, it allows the network users to separately book capacity for entry and exit points, beyond its pro-competitiveness characteristics. Some authors, however, defend the adoption of the postage stamp (where a single tariff is charged regardless of the origin of the gas), due to its simplicity. Our goal is to compare these two mechanisms of transmission tariff with respect to the impacts on welfare. We find that the welfare effects crucially depend on the size of the internal market and the fixed costs supported by the incumbent firm. If the domestic market is sufficiently large and there are imports from abroad, consumer surplus is higher under the postage stamp system.

Abstract
Service experience is the core of service offering. However, research on the role of the service environment when creating experiences is still underdeveloped, and even less empirical evidence is available that relates servicescape with customers' perceptions of value. Our purpose is to focus on the role of servicescape as a driver of customer experience by analyzing its impact on customer value creation and behavior. We have chosen an experience-centric service organization, a football club, to develop our analysis. A regression analysis was performed to determine the main drivers of value among ‘sportscape’ components and how it influenced customers' attitude and behavior. A total of 349 questionnaires were collected during a match of the Portuguese Football League at Dragon Stadium. Our analysis showed that servicescape influences consumer perceived value, attitudes, and behavior when creating service experiences: value-in-context generates customers' satisfaction, which in turn has a positive effect on their desire to repeat the experience. © 2014, Taylor & Francis.

Abstract
The research team measured the enterprise web accessibility levels of the Forbes 250 largest enterprises using the fully automatic accessibility evaluation tool Sortsite, and presented the compliance of the evaluated websites to WCAG 1.0, WCAG 2.0 and Section 508 accessibility levels. Given the recent attention to organizational leaders having ethical duties towards their dedicated employees, we propose that 'societal citizenship behaviour' concerns ethical duties of organizational leaders towards society in general and in particular to those who have less means to assert their needs. In effect, we found enterprise website accessibility levels to be in need of significant improvement. An interpretation of a positive path forward to better enterprise website accessibility levels is put forth based on a focus-group interaction and using BNML-a novel Business Narrative Modelling Language.

Abstract

Abstract
The Spin-Up project has the objective of determining what sort of entrepreneurship training and coaching program will contribute to the development of key entrepreneurial skills, both technical and behavioural, essential to enable and leverage university spin-off growth. University spin-off firms (USOs) tend to grow at a slower pace than corporate spin-offs or other young high-technology firms, which underlines the need for the project. The Spin-Up project is funded by the European Commission within the scope of the Erasmus Program (Enterprise and University cooperation) / Lifelong Learning Program. The project commenced in 2011, and the consortium is made up by five entities from three countries and one associated partner country. 99 face-to-face interviews and surveys of CEOs and members of USO management teams revealed that a number of entrepreneurial skills were missing and hampering growth, namely skills (top 10) to: gain financial capital; internationalize; increase sales; be financially literate; manage marketing; manage human resources; manage operations; understand economic principles of business; grow based on strategic management; and understand an approach keen on intellectual ownership protection. These findings guided the development of the training program, to be delivered to USO CEOs and other USO senior managers. Full pilot training sessions have already been delivered in the Netherlands, in Finland, and in Portugal. The training was delivered based on: 1) initial exploratory questions; 2) subsequent providing of background theory; and 3) finalizing with further practical questions on the subject matter. In this way, engagement of the spin-off firms was increased throughout and the training had a very practical approach, centered on problem-solving and real life examples, challenging participants to think about their day-to-day issues hampering growth. The areas in need of specific training were defined as being innovation, marketing and sales; overall strategy; finance; internationalization strategy; and leadership and human resource management. Networking opportunities occurred between peers during the training sessions and also with various key specialists, like a business angel (in Portugal) and venture capitalist (in the Netherlands). In terms of what the consortium partners have produced, tangible materials include training manuals and case studies, to support the training effort.