Abstract
The large-scale integration of electric vehicles (EVs) can contribute to the better use of renewable resources and the emergence of new technologies. However, if not properly controlled, it has several downsides. Several strategies make it possible to perform this control by making use of data mining models to deal with the large amounts of data associated with EVs that need to be considered. Accordingly, this chapter presents a study on the progress of EVs integration, where the economic and socio-demographic aspects and the development of the EVs global market are highlighted. Furthermore, some recommendations are suggested to policymakers related to EV management and possibilities for future improvement of EV integration. Finally, this chapter provides a review of data mining models and applications that deal, directly or indirectly, with EV-related problems. © 2023 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

Abstract
Data mining approaches are increasingly important to enable dealing with the constantly rising challenges in power and energy systems. Classification models, in particular, are suitable for predicting classes of new observations based on previous cases. This chapter illustrates the advantages of the use of classification models, namely artificial neural networks and support vector machines, to predict the behavior profiles of electricity market negotiation players. A clustering model is used to identify similarities in the behavior of players, resulting in a set of negotiation profiles. The negotiation behavior of new players is then classified as belonging to one of these profiles, allowing for an automated adaptation of the negotiation process according to the expected reactions of the opponent. © 2023 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods contribute to the construction of systems where there is a need to automate the tasks. They are typically used for problems that have a large response time, or when a mathematical method cannot be used to solve the problem. However, the application of AI brings an added complexity to the development of such applications. AI has been frequently applied in the power systems field, namely in Electricity Markets (EM). In this area, AI applications are essentially used to forecast /estimate the prices of electricity or to search for the best opportunity to sell the product. This paper proposes a clustering methodology that is combined with fuzzy logic in order to perform the estimation of EM prices. The proposed method is based on the application of a clustering methodology that groups historic energy contracts according to their prices' similarity. The optimal number of groups is automatically calculated taking into account the preference for the balance between the estimation error and the number of groups. The centroids of each cluster are used to define a dynamic fuzzy variable that approximates the tendency of contracts' history. The resulting fuzzy variable allows estimating expected prices for contracts instantaneously and approximating missing values in the historic contracts.

Abstract
Electricity markets worldwide are complex and dynamic environments with very particular characteristics, resulting from their restructuring and evolution into regional and continental scales, along with the constant changes brought by the increasing necessity for an adequate integration of renewable energy sources. The rising complexity and unpredictability in electricity markets has increased the need for the intervenient entities in foreseeing market behaviour. Several modelling tools directed to the study of restructured wholesale electricity markets have emerged. However, they have a common limitation: the lack of interoperability between the various systems to allow the exchange of information and knowledge, to test different market models and to allow market players from different systems to interact in common market environments. This paper proposes the Electricity Markets Ontology, which integrates the essential necessary concepts related with electricity markets, while enabling an easier cooperation and adequate communication between related systems. Additionally, it can be extended and complemented according to the needs of other simulators and real systems in this area.

Abstract
Digital twins are increasingly used, as they allow the creation of detailed virtual representations of physical products and systems. They face, however, significant challenges such as heterogeneous data integration and high costs. This article presents an innovative methodology that uses Large Language Models to unify information and automate the generation of Digital Twin models. The proposal comprises several modules, covering the stages of data collection, semantic processing, modular construction and validation of the Digital Twin. In this way, the proposed model guarantees interoperability, efficiency and scalability for various domains. © 2025 IEEE.

Abstract
Europe and, more particularly, the European Union (EU) has been pursuing ambitious goals in terms of energy, with pioneering energy policy pushing for more clean and affordable energy and highly competitive electricity markets. Electricity market design proved to be a challenge since the first models intended for further competition in the sector have been launched. With the increasing use of distributed and renewable-based electricity generation, electricity models became increasingly challenging. Other distributed energy resources, namely demand flexibility, distributed storage, and electric vehicles, are also bringing new requirements for electricity markets and open the way for local electricity markets. Although still an emerging concept, local electricity markets have huge potential, namely regarding increased gathering of the demand flexibility potential and to bring significant benefits to consumers. This chapter addresses the EU vision for electricity markets in the new context and discusses its benefits, risks, and future perspectives, highlighting the most important legislation, and some practical advances and implementations. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.