Abstract
This paper presents the determination of the unsaturated permeability of a carbon fibre woven fabric using an experimental method of constant injection pressure and radial flow. Two effects in permeability measurement are reported: the error introduced by assuming constant injection pressure and the evolution of permeability dispersion with volume fraction. For the first, a simple approach that uses a set of values instead of just one to define the injection pressure is proposed. For the second, results showed a reduction in the dispersion with higher fibre volume fractions, which is believed to be due to the reduction of the variability of the size of the pores of the reinforcement.

Abstract
The final goal of this work is to automatically extract the contour of an object represented in an image after manually defining an initial contour for it. This rough initial contour will then evolve until it equals the border of the desired object. The contour is modelled by a physical formulation, using the Finite Element Method, and its evolution to the desired final contour of the object to segment is governed by several forces: internal forces, defined by intrinsic physical characteristics selected for the model; and external forces, defined in function of image features that best represent the desired object. To physically model the considered contour we adopt Sclaroff's isoparametric finite element, and to obtain the evolution of the model towards the object border we use Nastar's methodology that consists in solving the dynamic equilibrium equation.

Abstract
The goals of the present work are to automatically extract the contour of an object and to simulate its deformation using a physical approach. Thus, to segment an object represented in an image, an initial contour is manually defined for it that will then automatically evolve until it equals the border of the desired object. The contour is modelled by a physical formulation, and its evolution to the desired final contour is driven by internal and external forces. To build the physical model of the contour used in the segmentation process, we adopted the isoparametric finite element proposed by Sclaroff, and to obtain its evolution towards the object border we used the methodology presented by Nastar that consists in solving the dynamic equilibrium equation between two consecutive instants. As for the simulation of the deformation between two different instances of an object, or between two objects, after their contours have been properly modelled, modal analysis, complemented with global optimization techniques, is employed to establish the correspondence between their nodes (data points). After the matching phase, the displacements field between the two contours is simulated using the dynamic equilibrium equation. The proposed approach will be here considered in dynamic pedobarography images.

Abstract
The main goals of the present work are to automatically extract the Contour of an object and to simulate its deformation using a physical approach. In this work, to segment an object represented in an image, an initial contour is manually defined for it that will then automatically evolve until it reaches the border of the desired object. In this approach, the contour is modelled by a physical formulation using the finite element method. and its temporal evolution to the desired final Contour is driven by Internal and external forces. The internal forces are defined by the intrinsic characteristics of the material adopted for the physical model and the interrelation between its nodes. The external forces are determined in function of the image features most suitable for the object to be segmented. To build the physical model of the contour used In the Segmentation process, the isoparametric finite element proposed by Sclaroff is adopted, and to obtain its evolution towards the object border the methodology presented by Nastar is used, that consists in solving the dynamic equilibrium equation between two Consecutive instants. To simulate the deformation between two different instances of an object, after they each have their contours properly modelled, modal analysis, complemented with global optimization techniques, is employed to establish the correspondence between their nodes (data points). After this matching phase, the displacements field between the two contours is simulated using the dynamic equilibrium equation that balances the internal forces defined by the physical model. and the external forces determined by the distance between the two contours.