Abstract
Constant search for efficiency and productivity has led to innovation on the factory shop floor, representing an evolution of the current production systems combined with new technologies of industrial automation and information technology. This work presents a versatile gateway for experimental demonstration of Industrial IoT technologies in a loom machine, allowing sensing, monitoring and data acquisition that was not originally available. We have implemented an approach, based on the OPC UA communication protocol for real time applications, and OPC UA to MQTT conversion mechanism. Raspberry Pi's platform act as an OPC UA server. From the measurements, data stored in a cloud server can be accessed remotely with improved security and visualized from a computer dashboard. One of the conclusions that can be drawn is that the proposed gateway allows data to be stored and easily monitored from a smartphone application or a computer web interface. © 2020 Kassel University Press GmbH.

Abstract
The presence of Industrial IoT systems on the factory shop floor in recent years, are becoming an attractive solution with many advantages, including flexibility, low cost and easy deployment. As more and more devices are wirelessly connected, spectral noise level increases and consequently radio interference between IoT devices. In this paper, we present an agnostic methodology to assess radio interferences between different industrial IoT systems on the factory floor, using appropriate propagation models. Several interference scenarios are simulated, ranging from legacy systems to future communication standards implementations (5G). We highlight some of the challenges and open issues that still need to be addressed to decrease interference and make industrial wireless systems compatible. © 2020 IEEE.

Abstract
The use of wireless communications systems on the factory shop floor is becoming an appealing solution with many advantages compared to cable-based solutions, including low cost, easy deployment, and flexibility. This, combined with the continuous growth of low-cost mobile devices, creates opportunities to develop innovative and powerful applications that, in many cases, rely on computing and memory-intensive algorithms and low-latency requirements. However, as the density of connected wireless devices increases, the spectral noise density rises, and, consequently, the radio interference between radio devices increase. In this paper, we discuss how the density of AR/VR mobile applications with high throughput and low latency affect industrial environments where other wireless devices use the same frequency channel. We also discuss how the growing number of these applications may have an impact on the radio interference of wireless networks. We present an agnostic methodology to assess the radio interferences between wireless communication systems on the factory floor by using appropriate radio and system models. Several interference scenarios are simulated between commonly used radio systems: Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and WirelessHART, using SEAMCAT. For a 1% probability of interference and considering a criterion of C/I = 14 dB, the simulations on an 80 m x 80 m factory shop floor show that low-bandwidth systems, such as Bluetooth and WirelessHART, can coexist with high-bandwidth and low-latency AR/VR applications running on Wi-Fi mobile terminals if the number of 11 Wi-Fi access points and 80 mobile AR/VR devices transmitting simultaneously is not exceeded.

Abstract
The feasibility of optical amplification solutions for extended reach next generation access networks in C + L bands is studied. Amplification schemes based on Raman fiber amplifier and their combination with remotely pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifiers are assessed and optimized. The results concerning a ring with 80 km for rural scenario demonstrate gain equalization over a bandwidth of 50 urn. The survey was complemented with experimental results. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2414-2418, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26251

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate by simulation the feasibility of gain enlargement and equalization on extended reach WDM-ring PON by means of hybrid Raman/EDFA amplification. The system under analysis is composed by a bidirectional pump at 1480 nm and 16 channels (8 C band + 8 L band). The simulation describes an 80 km WDM ring with 8 nodes in which 2 channels are added/dropped. The results demonstrate gain equalization with a ripple of 2.54 dB over a bandwidth of 50 nm by using a 1480 nm bidirectional pump with 1 W and spans of EDF with a total length of 22 m.

Abstract
In this work several numerical methods, usually used to obtain the reflectivity spectrum of Bragg gratings, are studied and general conditions required for each method are analyzed and evidenced. The results are validated by comparison with a closed form analytical solution. For gratings where the solution is not evident, Rouard's method was used as the reference solution. © 2003 IEEE.