Abstract
Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to characterize the knowledge flow between companies and universities based on national and sectoral systems of innovation perspective. It is argued here that high-tech sectors can describe a knowledge flow mainly based on scientific research, while sectors with lower technological impact may establish relations based on technical needs.Design/methodology/approach– A case study research was conducted in the horticulture and aerospace sectors in Brazil. Thirteen interviews were performed with chief executive officer’s and academic researchers from both fields.Findings– Results demonstrated differences in technology development and knowledge infrastructure when comparing both sectors, reflecting the impacts of national and sectoral systems of innovation. The horticulture sector presented technological limitations due to restricted eating habits, logistics, knowledge development at universities and difficulties on the establishment of partnerships between local companies and Embrapa, the main public research centre. Such restrictions limit academic activities while companies look for research partnerships abroad. Space industry also has limited technological development due to international embargoes and lack of research alignment between companies and universities. Companies end up developing research activities internally, usually funded by governmental tenders.Research limitations/implications– The horticulture sector has limitations, as it is not the main agriculture area in science and technology applications. Future studies may analyse areas like soy beans, sugar cane and coffee, which may present differences specially regarding sectoral systems of innovation.Originality/value– The finding of this paper may influence the review of sectoral innovation policies, improving the development of local research activities which may be a source of valuable knowledge to companies. It also demonstrates the importance of the knowledge flow to improve sector’s technology level.

Abstract
Given an event log L, a control-flow discovery algorithm f, and a quality metric m, this paper faces the following problem: what are the parameters in f that mostly influence its application in terms of m when applied to L? This paper proposes a method to solve this problem, based on sensitivity analysis, a theory which has been successfully applied in other areas. Clearly, a satisfactory solution to this problem will be crucial to bridge the gap between process discovery algorithms and final users. Additionally, recommendation techniques and meta-techniques like determining the representational bias of an algorithm may benefit from solutions to the problem considered in this paper. The method has been evaluated over a set of logs and the flexible heuristic miner, and the preliminary results witness the applicability of the general framework described in this paper.

Abstract
Objective - The purpose of this paper is to build a framework for an international outsourcing process in the apparel industry that can serve to support managerial decisions and actions regarding outsourcing choices and implementation. Design/methodology/approach - We developed of a straightforward and flexible framework describing the main stages of the international outsourcing process and its main activities with application in the context of the apparel industry. A case study approach was adopted with primary data collected through in-depth interviews and secondary data aggregated from company reports and documents. Theoretical foundation - Some research gaps in the outsourcing literature and most specifically on the matter of international outsourcing were identified by Hatonen and Eriksson (2009) and Kakabadse and Kakabadse (2000), among others. Specifically, these authors claim that there is not enough research on developing and offering decision models, tools or guidelines to support managerial decisions with the appropriate empirical evidence. This study aims to address this gap. Findings - We found that the international outsourcing process can be described using the proposed framework. Apparel companies can use this framework to support and supervise international outsourcing processes. Practical implications - This study provides a simple model that can help companies in the apparel industry to enhance their outsourcing activities and operations, and also contributes to a broader academic understanding of the matter.

Abstract
In the last decade, public transportation providers have focused on improving infrastructure efficiency as well as providing travellers with relevant information. Ubiquitous environments have enabled traveller information systems to collect detailed transport data and provide information. In this context, journey prediction becomes a pivotal component to anticipate and deliver relevant information to travellers. Thus, in this work, to achieve this goal, three steps were defined: (i) firstly, data from smart cards were collected from the public transport network in Porto, Portugal; (ii) secondly, four different traveller groups were defined, considering their travel patterns; (iii) finally, decision trees (J48), Naive Bayes (NB), and the Top-K algorithm (Top-K) were applied. The results show that the methods perform similarly overall, but are better suited for certain scenarios. Journey prediction varies according to several factors, including the level of past data, day of the week and mobility spatiotemporal patterns.

Abstract
The adoption of smart cards in urban public transport has fundamentally changed how transport providers manage and plan their networks. Traveller information services, in particular, have leveraged this contextual data for targeting passengers and providing relevant information. Thus, it becomes increasingly relevant for the next generation of services to obtain on-time contextual passenger information, to support the development of intelligent information services. In this paper an adaptation of the Top-K algorithm is proposed for predicting journey destination, applied to different scenarios in public transport. The performance and efficiency are analysed and compared to a decision tree classifier. Finally, the feasibility and potential of applying the proposed methods to large-scale systems in a real-world environment is discussed.

Abstract
The National Emission Ceilings Directive 2001/81/CE (NEC Directive) was adopted in the European Community in 2001 and went through a revision process in 2005. One of its main objectives is to improve the protection of the environment and human health against the risks of adverse effects from ground-level ozone, moving towards the long-term objective of not exceeding critical levels proved to effectively protect the populations and ecosystems. Considering such objectives, national emission ceilings were established imposing the years 2010 and 2020 as benchmarks. Ten years later, what was the effectiveness of this Directive concerning the control of tropospheric ozone levels in Portugal? In order to answer the previous question, annual ozone precursors' emissions (NOx, NMVOC) and annual atmospheric concentrations (NOx and O-3) were analyzed between 1990 and 2011. The background concentrations were assessed in each environment type of air quality station (urban, suburban and rural) through their annual mean ozone concentration and the hourly information threshold exceedances (episodic peak levels). To evaluate the statistical differences in the inter-annual episodic peak levels, a Peak Ozone Index (POIx) was defined and calculated. The results show that, despite the achievement on the emissions NEC Directive goals, associated to the reduction of ozone precursors' emissions, and the decrease of ozone episodic peak levels, the mean tropospheric ozone concentrations significantly increased between 2003 and 2007 (p < 0.05) although the number of exceedances to the information threshold (180 mu g m(-3)) has decreased. During the period of 1990-2000, before the implementation of the NEC Directive, the mean ozone values were 25% lower in rural stations, 26% in urban stations and 12% in suburban stations, demonstrating that the NEC policy based on NOx and NMVOCs emissions reduction does not lead to an effective overall reduction of ozone concentrations considering the reduction on these pollutants independently. Indeed, the mesoscale ozone production and/or the long range advection may play also an important role as the analysis of Mace Head ozone concentrations suggests. Above all, and due to its non-linear interactions in the ozone chemical balance, the NEC directive should impose emissions' reduction respecting the NOx/NMVOC ratio instead of consider it as a mere guideline value. The mesoscale photochemical ozone production should be carefully analyzed under the new policies, namely in coastal countries like Portugal where the mesoscale circulations play a crucial role in this type of phenomena.