Abstract
Nowadays, mobile phones are ubiquitous systems of our society. Nevertheless, the adoption of this technology to perform mobile payments, namely in public transport, was only implemented in a few number of transport networks. Thus, this paper aims to understand which are the main factors that may influence the adoption of mobile payments in public transport. For this purpose, a survey was applied to different groups of population. The study was conducted on the public transport networks of a medium-sized metropolitan area (Oporto-Portugal) and of a big-sized metropolitan area (Beijing-China). The evaluation results of the current services of purchase and validation of public transport tickets almost never show significant statistical differences (p>0.05) for the traditional variables used by the literature. This is particularly true for age. Nevertheless, some mobility factors can sometimes play an important role in the assessment of ticketing systems. Moreover, although the high differences between the ticketing systems in both cities, Chinese and Portuguese have a similar opinion about the systems implemented in their cities. Still, Chinese reveal a higher motivation to adopt the new ticketing system. In general, such system is greatly accepted by the respondents and the potential market is expected to be high (30-68%). Although this technology cannot replace the traditional systems, it can contribute to increasing the overall efficiency of the transport networks. The improvement of the passengers' appraisal, the reduction of operational and the maintenance costs of transport operators are the network impacts most expected. Convenience and time saving are the main advantages mentioned while questions about privacy, interaction and reliability are stated as the main concerns to adopt it. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Abstract
This paper proposes an ontology-based approach to support the process of visualizing urban mobility data. The approach consists of building a visualization-oriented urban mobility ontology, focused on themes such as ridership, vehicle flows and the like. Existing ontologies focus on modelling the overall structure of transportation networks, and do not address the formalization of such themes. The ontology also allows characterizing visualization techniques with human perception factors, so that they can be used to automatically infer recommended techniques for a dataset. The ultimate goal is to benefit decision makers, by providing an ontology that can assist with the process of developing semantically-rich visualizations, with increased data interoperability and knowledge extraction capabilities. We provide an example with real data of the public transportation system of the city of Porto, Portugal. The example shows the semantic characterization of a visualization technique, and how semantics can assist the task of automatically recommending visualizations. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Abstract
The public transport system integrates a complex ecosystem, composed not only by transport operators and travellers but also by other services such as schools, firms, restaurants, museums, banks, and public establishments. Therefore, by adopting a holistic point of view, we propose a new service approach linking city services and public transport. This approach consists in partnerships that may include discounts, combined packages, reduced prices, deals and marketing campaigns, targeted to each specific audience. In order to develop these partnerships it is important to analyse the services located around the stations and the public transport usage. We use the city of Porto, Portugal, as an illustrative example and we rely on two data sources: Automated Fare Collection system data and business data points. The analysis of both datasets allowed us to determine the level of concentration of city services located around public transport stations and to identify the types of services that tend to agglomerate near the stations. We were also able to analyse the correlation between the number of travel card validations and the number of services located around the stations. Finally we present a case of a service exposure to different demographic segments.

Abstract
Public transport networks were, in the past, mainly designed to maximize the efficiency of commuting trips. However, with such perspective there are considerable risks to marginalize some specific population groups (e.g. disabled, elderly, children, pregnant, people in poverty). For enhancing social inclusion and improving the accessibility of more vulnerable citizens, such networks are often redesigned and adjusted. Nevertheless, even with such adjustments, it is sometimes difficult to provide efficient services that fully address the real needs and capabilities of travelers, partially because of the failure in following the fast technological and demanding changes of modern societies. Taking in mind these challenges, we have developed a conceptual model to support knowledge sharing and decision-making in urban mobility, and to improve the way travel information is addressed. The multi-user integrated platform proposed in this work is supported by the idea that information from different channels must be centralized, organized, managed and properly distributed. This idea is grounded in two main principles: (i) past and real-time information from a wide range of sources is combined for knowledge extraction, and such knowledge is going to be used not only to allow travelers to better plan their trips, but also to help transport providers to develop services adapted to the needs and preferences of their customers; and (ii) information is provided in a personalized way taking into account socio-economical differences between groups of travelers. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Abstract
The problem of assigning students to teams can be described as maximising their profiles diversity within teams while minimising the differences among teams. This problem is commonly known as the maximally diverse grouping problem and it is usually formulated as maximising the sum of the pairwise distances among students within teams. We propose an alternative algorithm in which the within group heterogeneity is measured by the attributes' variance instead of by the sum of distances between group members. The proposed algorithm is evaluated by means of two real data sets and the results suggest that it induces better solutions according to two independent evaluation criteria, the Davies–Bouldin index and the number of dominated teams. In conclusion, the results show that it is more adequate to use the attributes' variance to measure the heterogeneity of profiles within the teams and the homogeneity among teams. © 2017 SEFI.

Abstract
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to understand value cocreation in service ecosystems from a multilevel perspective, uncovering value cocreation factors and outcomes at the micro, meso, and macro levels. Design/methodology/approach - A Grounded Theory approach based on semi-structured interviews is adopted. The sample design was defined to enable the ecosystem analysis at its different levels. At the macro level was the Portuguese Health Information ecosystem. Embedded meso level units of analysis comprised eight health care organizations. A total of 48 interviews with citizens and health care practitioners were conducted at the micro level. Findings - Study results enable a detailed understanding of the nature and dynamics of value cocreation in service ecosystems from a multilevel perspective. First, value cocreation factors are identified (resource access, resource sharing, resource recombination, resource monitoring, and governance/institutions generation). These factors enable actors to integrate resources in multiple dynamic interactions to cocreate value outcomes, which involve both population well-being and ecosystem viability. Study results show that these value cocreation factors and outcomes differ across levels, but they are also embedded and interdependent. Practical implications - The findings have important implications for organizations that are ecosystem actors (like the Portuguese Ministry of Health) for understanding synergies among value cocreation factors and outcomes at the different levels. This provides orientations to better integrate different actor roles, technology, and information while facilitating ecosystem coordination and co-evolution. Originality/value - This study responds to the need for a multilevel understanding of value cocreation in service ecosystems. It also illuminates how keystone players in the ecosystem should manage their value propositions to promote resource integration for each actor, fostering resource density and ecosystem viability. It also bridges the high-level conceptual perspective of Service-Dominant logic with specific empirical findings in the very important context of health care.