Abstract
Introduction: The atraumatic preparation of the implant bed and the presence of healthy bone factors have been considered essential for osseointegration of an implant. Heat generation during bone drilling has been related with the pressure applied by the operator, characteristics of the drill bit, the drilling depth, the type of irrigation, the rotational speed of the drilling time and the density of the bone tissue. Although bone drilling practice has been performed under irrigation, recent studies in the literature propose the use of a clinical protocol without irrigation. The primary objective of this study was to use an optical fibber Bragg grating sensor to measure thermal variations during implant bed preparation using surgical drills with a new surface coating. Materials and Methods:A literature review was performed and a pilot study designed using a fresh pig's jaw at room temperature, and three drilling groups were performed: Group I - Straumann® Drill without irrigation Group II - Straumann® Drill coated Titanium Nitride and Aluminum (NiTiAl) without irrigation. Group III (Control) - Straumann®) Drill with irrigation. The perforationswere made sequentially, using drills of 2.2, 2.8 and 3.5 mm, to a depth of 10 mm, at a speed of 800 rpmand 0.2 mm/s under a constant force of 4N. Changes in temperaturewere recorded using an optical fibber Bragg grating sensor, placed in an intra-osseous location.Results:Implant bed preparation procedure produced a temperature rise of: 0.39°C to 0.53°C, 1.28°C to 2.70°C, and 1.57°C to 4.39°C in group I, II and III respectively. The drills coated with NiTiAl and without irrigation have a lower temperature increase when compared with the uncoated drills, maintaining the procedure without irrigation. Discussion and Conclusions: The optical fibber Bragg gratings sensors have the ability to register changes in temperature that occur during the preparation of the implant bed. The coating of surgical drills with NiTiAl caused a minor increase of temperature in comparison with drills without coating. Perforations without irrigation performed at a speed of 800 rpm with a force of 4N do not seem to significantly increase the temperature in bone. © 2014 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Abstract
The main aim of this work is the use of optical Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) to measure the bone response to mechanical impact in dental implants and evaluate load transfer. © 2006 Optical Society of America.

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