Abstract
Gramene (http://www.gramene.org) is an online resource for comparative functional genomics in crops and model plant species. Its two main frameworks are genomes (collaboration with Ensembl Plants) and pathways (The Plant Reactome and archival BioCyc databases). Since our last NAR update, the database website adopted a new Drupal management platform. The genomes section features 39 fully assembled reference genomes that are integrated using ontology-based annotation and comparative analyses, and accessed through both visual and programmatic interfaces. Additional community data, such as genetic variation, expression and methylation, are also mapped for a subset of genomes. The Plant Reactome pathway portal (http://plantreactome.gramene.org) provides a reference resource for analyzing plant metabolic and regulatory pathways. In addition to similar to 200 curated rice reference pathways, the portal hosts gene homology-based pathway projections for 33 plant species. Both the genome and pathway browsers interface with the EMBL-EBI's Expression Atlas to enable the projection of baseline and differential expression data from curated expression studies in plants. Gramene's archive website (http://archive.gramene.org) continues to pro-vide previously reported resources on comparative maps, markers and QTL. To further aid our users, we have also introduced a live monthly educational webinar series and a Gramene YouTube channel carrying video tutorials.

Abstract
Expression Atlas (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa) provides information about gene and protein expression in animal and plant samples of different cell types, organism parts, developmental stages, diseases and other conditions. It consists of selected microarray and RNA-sequencing studies from Array Express, which have been manually curated, annotated with ontology terms, checked for high quality and processed using standardised analysis methods. Since the last update, Atlas has grown sevenfold (1572 studies as of August 2015), and incorporates baseline expression profiles of tissues from Human Protein Atlas, GTEx and FANTOM5, and of cancer cell lines from ENCODE, CCLE and Genentech projects. Plant studies constitute a quarter of Atlas data. For genes of interest, the user can view baseline expression in tissues, and differential expression for biologically meaningful pairwise comparisons-estimated using consistent methodology across all of Atlas. Our first proteomics study in human tissues is now displayed alongside transcriptomics data in the same tissues. Novel analyses and visualisations include: 'enrichment' in each differential comparison of GO terms, Reactome, Plant Reactome pathways and InterPro domains; hierarchical clustering (by baseline expression) of most variable genes and experimental conditions; and, for a given gene-condition, distribution of baseline expression across biological replicates. © The Author(s) 2015.

Abstract
Crohn's disease is one type of inflammatory bowel disease whose incidence is currently increasing, subject to relapse and disabling, with unknown etiology, and usually diagnosed between the second and third decade of life. The aim of this work is to develop a Bayesian network tool to predict disabling and reoperation in patients with Crohn's disease subject to early surgery or immunosuppressors intake. Multi-centric study data from patients with surgery or immunosuppression in the first six months after diagnosis was used, focusing on the prognosis and the analysis of factors' interaction. Patients were grouped by the index episode: immunosuppressors intake, and surgery (stratified considering the use or not of immunosuppressors 6 months after surgery). Patient group was associated with disease behavior, upper gastrointestinal tract location (L4) and age at diagnosis, while disease extent was associated to perianal disease. For disabling, association between perianal disease and gender and location was also found. Association between gender and L4 was also found for reoperation. The cross-validated discriminative power of the models were high for both disabling (above 70%) and reoperation (above 80%). The generated models presented interesting insights on factor interaction and predictive ability for the prognosis, supporting their use in future clinical decision support systems.

Abstract

Abstract
We present a study in the area of sentiment analysis of clients' commentaries transcribed by assistants of a help-desk service of one Portuguese telecommunications company. We have adopted a lexicon-based approach to determine the polarity of the sentiment of each commentary, based on the so called opinion words. This task was by no means easy, as not many tools are available for the Portuguese language. The initial results with the off-the-shelf solutions were rather poor. This has motivated us to carry out a number of enhancements, including, for instance, enriching the given lexicon with domain specific terms, formulating specific rules for negation and amplifiers. Automatic pruning of some of the lexicon terms has led to a significant improvement in performance. As our final system achieved a very good performance, our work should be of interest to others working on domain specific solutions for languages where ready-made solutions are not available.

Abstract
Portugal has become the second most expensive footwear brand manufacturer in the global market in just one decade. How does an offshore-outsourcing provider become a direct competitor with former clients? This study applies a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to 12 Portuguese footwear manufacturers and identifies the underlying factors of the managerial transition from an offshore-outsourcing provider to a direct brand manufacturer. The study finds that the transformation of external knowledge from the client into internal knowledge must occur first. But the decisive factor is the management's recognition that brand creation is a long-term investment and is less risky than remaining dependent on outsourcing. These findings contribute to the understanding of the transition to becoming a direct brand manufacturer.