Abstract
Social media represents a large part of the content available on the Web. While the accessibility of the UIs of existing social media platforms has been improving, the same cannot be said about the accessibility of the content authored by their users. Specifically, the accessibility of multimedia content that is increasingly available given the ease of access to mobile devices with cameras. User research has revealed that accessible authoring practices are a foreign concept to most social media users, but also that they are motivated to adopt inclusive practices. Our work focuses on promoting awareness to accessible social media authoring practices and in assisting the authoring process. We have prototyped a Google Chrome extension and an Android application that can identify when a Twitter or a Facebook user is authoring content with images and suggests a text alternative for the image. By suggesting the alternative, we raise awareness to the accessible authoring process and make it easier for the user to include it in the tweet or post. Text alternatives may be suggested from different sources: descriptions entered by other users for the same image, analysis of the main concepts present in the image, or text present in the image, for instance. Our prototypes can also provide text alternatives on demand for images on any web page or Android application, not just social media. In this paper, we highlight some of the challenges faced to offer this support in different technological platforms (web and mobile), but also ones that are raised by the domain characteristics (e.g. detecting the same image, supporting different languages) and that can be addressed through AI based technologies.

Abstract
Over the years, people suffer changes caused by the aging of the body and might develop some kind of visual, hearing, motor, among others dysfunctions. These limitations may represent difficulties to access services provided by the Internet, which are growing increasingly. This work is an assessment of accessibility of Internet banking service of the Banco do Brasil using the Method Barrier Walkthrough. The application of this technique made it possible to identify, evaluate and suggest improvements to diminish the obstacles that hinder and/or make it impossible for the elderly users to perform tasks on this website. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Abstract
The use of technology has increased significantly, so it is important to make the information available and accessible for all people. Through the efforts to promote accessibility, users with visual disabilities have increasingly enjoyed the services provided by the Internet. These technologies tend to approach the reality of theirs members by everyday signs (metaphors), which, when combined with cultural factors, may be used as communication artifacts of approach or detachers between two people from different realities. This paper examines how the use of Cultural Viewpoint Metaphors in the cultural development of web pages can help promoting accessibility. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Abstract
The World Health Organization estimates that around 1.3 billion people worldwide are affected by some form of impairment. Ensuring accessibility of mobile applications has become imperative to meet the requirements of this group. Mobile accessibility involves the process of making mobile applications more inclusive for individuals with disabilities using mobile devices. This paper investigates the strong need for effective methodologies to evaluate the accessibility of mobile applications, particularly with the recent implementation of the Web Accessibility Directive in Europe. By reviewing existing research, analyzing monitoring reports from European Union Member States, and conducting interviews with mobile accessibility evaluators, this study identifies limitations in current evaluation methodologies and provides some insights into the challenges faced by evaluators. The findings reveal that there is no universally adopted methodology for evaluating the accessibility of mobile applications. Evaluators either adapt existing methodologies designed for web accessibility or develop their own approaches. The absence of specific guidelines for mobile accessibility poses a challenge, with evaluators often having to interpret web-focused documents. The lack of comprehensive automated tools for mobile accessibility evaluation further complicates the process. Through this research, it is anticipated that improvements in mobile application accessibility evaluations will contribute to creating more inclusive mobile experiences for all individuals.

Abstract
Single Page Applications (SPAs) are characterised by changing a webpage's content without forcing a reload. While they increase the interactivity of web pages, they can also raise accessibility concerns, such as new content being displayed without screen reader users being aware. Another concern raised impacts the ability of current web accessibility evaluation tools to be able to assess SPAs. Current tools work by loading the DOM and assessing it. For SPAs, which change the DOM in response to user interaction, it is possible that evaluation tools do not have access to a significant part of a page's content. In this paper, we introduce QualState, a tool that can browse the different states of a SPA, and provide the DOM of the different states to QualWeb, an automated web accessibility evaluation tool, so their accessibility can be evaluated. We assessed QualState in a small set of SPAs and concluded that it increases the number of elements evaluated and improves QualWeb's ability to identify accessibility barriers.

Abstract
This article focuses on evaluating SONAAR (Social Networks Accessible Authoring), a tool that combines automation and end-user empowerment to enhance the accessibility of social media content. SONAAR aims to increase user engagement in creating accessible content and expanding the availability of accessible media online. Additionally, SONAAR provides supplementary information to support the authoring of accessible media content. To assess SONAAR's effectiveness, we conducted three distinct studies. First, we analyzed user patterns and behaviors through log analysis. Next, we evaluated the clarity, helpfulness, and efficiency of the additional documentation and its potential to improve engagement in accessible practices. Finally, we explored user perceptions and challenges when interacting with SONAAR. The obtained findings indicate positive user feedback and provide valuable insights for improvement. These results underscore the importance of raising awareness and offering support for accessible practices, as well as the necessity for enhanced platform backing. Our study contributes to advancing accessible content authoring, promoting inclusivity and accessibility in online social media. We suggest future research directions to facilitate broader adoption of accessible practices and address user engagement challenges, ultimately enhancing the accessibility of social media content.