Abstract
The aim of this chapter focuses on featuring firmed IoT architecture paradigms and advocating, knowingly in concrete use cases, the combined use of such architecture categories. It is common knowledge that the growing demand for embedded processing, interconnection, and integration facilities in everyday objects is being driven by a multitude of IoT projects. The smart cities, smart agriculture, manufacturing, and industrial automation areas are some of the most important application grounds. Equally important is the medical sector where specially framed in this publication, the personal home healthcare scenarios gain enormous relevance due to the potential of IoT technology application. It is also becoming clear that the IoT-trending efforts are compelling researchers into the concurrent combination of multiple IoT-computing architecture types or paradigms, to know: wide-range cloud-computing architectures, local-spread fog-computing architectures, and spottily scattered edge-computing architectures. This chapter focuses on identifying the major goals and benefits of each of these architectures classes; describing the relevant state of the art projects, which apply such architecture categories in home healthcare settings; and finally, pinpointing our own experience with home e-health demonstrative use case scenarios, where the benefits of using each of these architecture types become evident, and the concurrent combination of such IoT architectures inevitable. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Abstract
This paper presents an efficient, battery-powered, low-cost, and context-aware IoT edge computing solution tailored for monitoring a real enterprise cooking oil collecting infrastructure. The presented IoT solution allows the collecting enterprise to monitor the amount of oil deposited in specific barrels, deployed country-wide around several partner restaurants. The paper focuses on the specification, implementation, deployment and testing of ESP32/ESP8266-based end-node components deployed as an edge computing monitoring infrastructure. The achieved low-cost solution guarantees more than a year of battery life, reliable data communication, and enables automatic over-the-air end-node updates. The open-source software libraries developed for this project are shared with the community and may be applied in scenarios with similar requirements. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

Abstract
Cloud computing is omnipresent and plays an important role in today’s world of Internet of Things (IoT). Several IoT devices and their applications already run and communicate through the cloud, easing the configuration burden for their users. With the expected exponential growth on the number of connected IoT devices this centralized approach raises latency, privacy and scalability concerns. This paper proposes the use of fog computing to overcome those concerns. It presents an architecture intended to distribute the communication, computation and storage loads to small gateways, close to the edge of the network, in charge of a group of IoT devices. This approach saves battery on end devices, enables local sensor fusion and fast response to urgent situations while improving user privacy. This architecture was implemented and tested on a project to monitor the level of used cooking oil, stored in barrels, in some restaurants where low cost, battery powered end devices are periodically reporting sensor data. Results show a 93% improvement in end device battery life (by reducing their communication time) and a 75% saving on cloud storage (by processing raw data on the fog device). © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

Abstract
This paper reports on-chip rail-to-rail timing signals generation thin-film circuits for the first time. These circuits, based on a-IGZO thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a simple staggered bottom gate structure, allow row and column selection of a sensor matrix embedded in a flexible radiation sensing system. They include on-chip clock generator (ring oscillator), column selector (shift register) and row-selector (a frequency divider and a shift register). They are realised with rail-to-rail logic gates with level-shifting ability that can perform inversion and NAND logic operations. These logic gates are capable of providing full output swing between supply rails, $V_{DD}$ and $V_{SS}$ , by introducing a single additional switch for each input in bootstrapping logic gates. These circuits were characterised under normal ambient atmosphere and show an improved performance compared to the conventional logic gates with diode connected load and pseudo CMOS counterparts. By using these high-performance logic gates, a complete rail-to-rail frequency divider is presented from measurements using D-Flip Flop. In order to realize a complete compact system, an on-chip ring oscillator (output clock frequency around 1 kHz) and a shift register are also presented from simulations, where these circuits show a power consumption of 1.5 mW and 0.82 mW at a supply voltage of 8 V, respectively. While the circuit concepts described here were designed for an X-ray sensing system, they can be readily expanded to other domains where flexible on-chip timing signal generation is required, such as, smart packaging, biomedical wearable devices and RFIDs.

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a research on the importance of Employer Branding (EB) for corporate brand success in the context of small and medium businesses (SME), from the perspective of the employees compared to the founders, considering a set of stable variables. This is an ongoing process through which company employees want to understand "who" and "what" is behind the brand's value proposition. Methodology: A qualitative methodology was used based on interviews with open questions in an exploratory case study, to gather as much information as possible and without constraints. This was properly supported by a literature review, from published works, academic works, as well as papers on employer branding. This approach is part of the scientific paradigm of realism, also known as critical realism, and is therefore an appropriate method in marketing and management research. Findings: The findings of this research demonstrate that EB seems not to be contributing for a successful corporate brand in the SME context. For that purpose, a medium-and long-term marketing and communication plan is needed, particularly regarding a brand plan, duly defined and implemented. The mere market/sector leadership cannot be viewed as a source in the long run for SME. If no one believes or bets on brand equity appreciation, EB won't certainly be potentiated. In this way, there is a risk that this type of organizations would become weak entities with no sense of belonging. Originality/value: Because there is a lack of applied scientific research on this topic in the context of SME, the aim was to understand EB from a specific case study, enabling the acquisition of knowledge on how this concept works and is applied (or not) in practice. Practical implications: This research aimed at contributing to a better strategic alignment of EB, from the institutional level to the operational level, passing through the intermediate level, in SME. It appears that the managers/administrators/directors in SME don't have a holistic perspective of the brand. It also emphasizes the great importance of employees in building the brand in this particular context. Research limitations: This investigation needed a deeper market analysis, namely of direct competitors. It was not possible to obtain enough information to carry out a more reliable analysis. It would be very interesting to understand what led some collaborators to leave the studied company and move to its direct competitors, as well as to realize what makes others leave the competitors or return to the company.

Abstract
This paper reports on recent activities by the Portugal Chapter of IEEE Education Society. It begins with a reflection on the work of a Chapter and on several aspects that may impact its performance. The major activities are also presented, as well as the policies developed by the Portugal Chapter in the last year, concluding with the presentation of the two awards received at the last FIE, namely the Chapter Achievement Award and the Distinguished Chapter Leadership Award.