Darío Martínez

Abstract
This study proposes a simplified and fully renewable energy system, composed of two intermittent energy sources (wind and solar) and a long-duration energy storage technology using pumped hydro storage. The impact of intermittency on the medium- and long-term design of the energy matrix is evaluated using the OSeMOSYS model. The findings indicate that omitting intermittency results in a significant underestimation of costs and an inability to manage the variability of renewable energies effectively. Incorporating intermittency, although increasing the installed capacity and the amount of wasted energy, enhances the system's reliability. The inclusion of energy storage demonstrates the need to redistribute installed capacity in favor of solar energy to meet higher daytime demand. The study concludes that considering intermittency and storage is crucial for improving the accuracy of energy models, reducing losses, and optimizing operational costs in renewable energy-based systems.

Abstract

Abstract
While the share of renewable energy in interconnected systems has been increasing steadily, in isolated systems it represents a bigger challenge. This paper presents a dispatch algorithm integrating thermal, wind, solar and hydro generation and storage for an isolated network, which allows maximizing renewable energy integration and reducing the share of thermal energy in the mix. The possibility of using the battery to provide spinning reserve is also considered. The algorithm was tested and validated using real data from the island of Madeira, Portugal. Results prove the robustness and flexibility of the algorithm, showing that a significant decrease in the thermal fraction is achievable, and that it is possible to accommodate an increase in renewable generation with minimal or no curtailment at all.

Abstract
Ensuring a sustainable transition process, whether at a global or local level, involves designing an energy mix appropriate to the user's needs. The aim is to identify the optimal future strategy that maximizes both socio-economic benefits and sustainability. To address these challenges, multiple modeling tools are now available to assess different scenarios before implementation. However, modeling tools are generally designed for economic optimization. This is the case with the Open-Source Energy Modeling System (OSeMOSYS) a CLEWs tool. This paper proposes an optimization methodology in terms of sustainability, introducing Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a global estimator. In particular, the effects of energy payback times (EPBT) on the selection of transition scenarios will be evaluated. To ensure the reproducibility of the study, we present an exercise that uses data for a fictitious country that shares features of both a developing and a developed country (Atlantis).

Abstract
In this paper the design of a Sustainability Plan for the Salve brewery is modelled. To support transition for decarbonization of the company ensuring a triple zero production (energy, waste, and transport), the critical points during the production process have been identified from a SWOT analysis. Using the CLEWs tools (through the OSeMOSYS software), five scenarios are designed and evaluated according to the company energetic needs. Both historical set of real consumption data of the company, as well as the growth expectations raised by the owners have served as the basis for the work. To simplify the decision making to the company, both investment and total associated costs as well as the corresponding CO2 emissions has been estimated in the period 2023–2030. As main results, an energetic scenario including the use of bagasse waste, the implementation of photovoltaic solar energy and avoiding the fossil fuels, allows to achieve the planned objective with an economic contribution assumable by the company. In addition, several potential business niches associated with the circular economy have been identified.