Abstract

Abstract
At the practical level, the static stability constraint is one of the most important constraints in practical pallet loading problems, such as air cargo palletizing. Approaches to modeling static stability, which range from base support and mechanical equilibrium calculations to physical simulation, differ in workflow, focus, and assumptions, so choosing the right static stability approach has a substantial impact on the quality of the solution and, ultimately, on loading security. To date, little research has investigated the structural differences between approaches. The aim of this paper is to integrate knowledge and shed light on the applicability of the different approaches for the practical scenario of air cargo palletizing. We tackle this problem through (1) a reformulation and extension of static stability toward loading stability, (2) a conceptual analysis of current approaches, and (3) benchmarking that employs an independent multibody simulation on multiple heterogeneous datasets. Our results show that all approaches are prone to structure errors and vary significantly in their premises and information usage. Further, full base support is revealed to be the most restrictive approach by far, while physical simulation achieves the greatest accuracy. Given the trade-off between accuracy and runtime, the mechanical equilibrium approach is a good choice, while partial base support performs best for lower support values.

Abstract
Small to medium-sized shipyards play a crucial role in the European naval industry. However, the globalization of technology has increased competition, posing significant challenges to shipyards, particularly in domestic markets for short sea, work, and inland vessels. Many shipyard operations still rely on manual, labor-intensive tasks performed by highly skilled operators. In response, the adoption of new tools is essential to enhance efficiency and competitiveness. This paper presents a methodology for developing a human-centric portfolio of advanced technologies tailored for shipyard environments, covering processes such as shipbuilding, retrofitting, outfitting, and maintenance. The proposed technological solutions, which have achieved high technology readiness levels, include 3D modeling and digitalization, robotics, augmented and virtual reality, and occupational exoskeletons. Key findings from real-scale demonstrations are discussed, along with major development and implementation challenges. Finally, best practices and recommendations are provided to support both technology developers seeking fully tested tools and end users aiming for seamless adoption. © 2025 by the authors.

Abstract
The public transportation sector generates large volumes of sensor data that, if analyzed adequately, can help anticipate failures and initiate maintenance actions, thereby enhancing quality and productivity. This work contributes to a real-time data-driven predictive maintenance solution for Intelligent Transportation Systems. The proposed method implements a processing pipeline comprised of sample pre-processing, incremental classification with Machine Learning models, and outcome explanation. This novel online processing pipeline has two main highlights: (i) a dedicated sample pre-processing module, which builds statistical and frequency-related features on the fly, and (ii) an explainability module. This work is the first to perform online fault prediction with natural language and visual explainability. The experiments were performed with the Metropt data set from the metro operator of Porto, Portugal. The results are above 98 % for f-measure and 99 % for accuracy. In the context of railway predictive maintenance, achieving these high values is crucial due to the practical and operational implications of accurate failure prediction. In the specific case of a high f-measure, this ensures that the system maintains an optimal balance between detecting the highest possible number of real faults and minimizing false alarms, which is crucial for maximizing service availability. Furthermore, the accuracy obtained enables reliability, directly impacting cost reduction and increased safety. The analysis demonstrates that the pipeline maintains high performance even in the presence of class imbalance and noise, and its explanations effectively reflect the decision-making process. These findings validate the methodological soundness of the approach and confirm its practical applicability for supporting proactive maintenance decisions in real-world railway operations. Therefore, by identifying the early signs of failure, this pipeline enables decision-makers to understand the underlying problems and act accordingly swiftly.

Abstract
Quality inspection inspection systems are critical for maintaining product integrity. Being a repetitive task, when performed by operators only, it can be slow and error-prone. This paper introduces an automated inspection system for quality assessment in casting aluminum parts resorting to a robotic system. The method comprises two processes: filing detection and hole inspection. For filing detection, five deep learning modes were trained. These models include an object detector and four instance segmentation models: YOLOv8, YOLOv8n-seg, YOLOv8s-seg, YOLOv8m-seg, and Mask R-CNN, respectively. Among these, YOLOv8s-seg exhibited the best overall performance, achieving a recall rate of 98.10%, critical for minimizing false negatives and yielding the best overall results. Alongside, the system inspects holes, utilizing image processing techniques like template-matching and blob detection, achieving a 97.30% accuracy and a 2.67% Percentage of Wrong Classifications. The system improves inspection precision and efficiency while supporting sustainability and ergonomic standards, reducing material waste and reducing operator fatigue. © The Author(s) 2025.

Abstract
Background: During their training, nurses must develop interprofessional collaboration skills, which are essential in clinical settings. Aim: This study aims to describe the development and testing stages of a virtual escape room, named Lock-down Treatment, to enhance interprofessional collaboration. Methods: The User-Centered Design methodology was used, involving users from requirement gathering to iterative prototyping. Requirements were established through interviews with 6 healthcare professionals, and a prototype was developed and tested for final assessment. Results: The results identified key areas for improvement, particularly in terms of timing and support during the game and demonstrated the effectiveness of the escape room in promoting interdisciplinary collaboration. This study proves that tools like escape rooms can significantly enrich nursing education. Conclusion: It is essential to integrate innovative methods into interprofessional training, making it more engaging and interactive. However, it is crucial that such tools are meticulously planned and validated to ensure their suitability through a rigorous validation process. Future research should evaluate the 'Lockdown Treatment' to assess its long-term effectiveness and applicability in clinical practice and patient outcomes. (c) 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Organization for Associate Degree Nursing. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)