Abstract
In this paper, we investigate by simulation the feasibility of gain enlargement and equalization on extended reach WDM-ring PON by means of hybrid Raman/EDFA amplification. The system under analysis is composed by a bidirectional pump at 1480 nm and 16 channels (8 C band + 8 L band). The simulation describes an 80 km WDM ring with 8 nodes in which 2 channels are added/dropped. The results demonstrate gain equalization with a ripple of 2.54 dB over a bandwidth of 50 nm by using a 1480 nm bidirectional pump with 1 W and spans of EDF with a total length of 22 m. © 2010 IEEE.

Abstract

Abstract
Although presented with a variety of 'flavours', the notion of an interactor, as an abstract characterisation of an interactive component, is well-known in the area of formal modelling techniques for interactive systems. Tins paper replaces traditional, hierarchical, 'tree-like' composition of interactors in the specification of complex interactive systems, by their exogenous coordination through general-purpose software connectors which assure the flow of data and the meet of synchronisation constraints. The paper's technical contribution is twofold. First a modal logic is defined to express behavioural properties of both interactors and connectors. The logic is new in the sense that its modalities are indexed by fragments of sets of actions to cater for action co-occurrence. Then, tins logic is used in the specification of both interactors and coordination layers which orchestrate their interconnection.

Abstract
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are routinely being used to provide the scientific community with detailed ocean data at very reasonable costs. In typical operations, AUVs are programmed to follow pre-defined geo-referenced trajectories, while collecting the relevant information about the underwater environment, with a clear separation between navigation and payload sensors. Under the adaptive sampling paradigm, the AUVs are able to interpret some of the payload data in order to change the sampling pattern and concentrate measurements in the regions of interest. In this paper, we describe an implementation of such paradigm, in which a small sized AUV is able to process CTD data, in real time, and change depth in order to maintain tracking of the thermocline region. We demonstrate the developed algorithms with data from field experiments in a dam reservoir, which show a very good performance, even in very shallow waters with hardly detectable features. The implementation ensures the safety of the AUV, by resuming to standard yo-yo patterns if the thermocline is not detected.

Abstract

Abstract
Under normal conditions, the MicroGrid operates interconnected with the upstream medium voltage network. However, scheduled or forced isolation can take place. In such conditions, the MicroGrid must have the ability to operate stably and autonomously, requiring the development of suitable control strategies in order to enable MicroGrid islanded operation. The MicroGrid power sources can also be exploited in order to locally promote a service restoration strategy following a general blackout. A sequence of actions for the black start procedure is also identified and it is expected to be an advantage for power system operation in terms of reliability as a result from the presence of very large amounts of dispersed generation in distribution grids.