Abstract
This paper presents a dynamic model of modular multilevel converters (MMCs), which are considered as an effective interface between energy sources and the power grid. By improving the converter performance, appropriate reactive power compensation is guaranteed. Modulation indices are calculated based on detailed harmonic evaluations of both dynamic and steady-state operation modes, which is considered as the main contribution of this paper in comparison with other methods. As another novelty of this paper, circulating current control is accomplished by embedding an additional second harmonic component in the modulation process. The proposed control method leads to an effective reduction in capacitor voltage fluctuation and losses. Finally, converter's maximum stable operation range is modified, which provides efficiency enhancements and also stability assurance. The proficiency and functionality of the proposed controller are demonstrated through detailed theoretical analysis and simulations with MATLAB/Simulink.

Abstract
Digitalization is transforming the worldwide economy. In such digital transformation the human integration in CPS assumes a crucial importance, complemented with some key enabling technologies like IoT, cloud computing, big data and machine learning. In this context, user interfaces are used to collect data and to monitor and control the systems, being required to use design and ergonomics guidelines, as well as user expirience, for their deployment in industrial enviroments. This paper describes the use of friendly and ergonomic user interfaces to support the human integration at operational and strategic level, aligned with the Industry 4.0 context, for an industrial metal stamping unit.

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The environmental targets set by power sectors throughout the world are the main drivers toward increasing the share of variable renewable energy sources (VRESs). Growth of VRESs will lead to a higher demand for operational flexibility due to their stochastic nature. Traditionally, conventional generation units provide the major share of additional required flexibility that may result in a higher depreciation. Motivated by this challenge, this paper investigates the potential of Demand Response (DR) as an emerging alternative in systems with significant amounts of wind power. To this end, a comprehensive set of DR programs including tariff-based, incentive-based and combinational DR programs are considered in a stochastic network-constrained market clearing framework. Afterwards, various DR programs are prioritized taking into account the system operator's economic, technical, and environmental desires. Moreover, the sensitivity of different DR programs into customer's price elasticity of demand as well as the participation level are evaluated by means of several sensitivity analyses. The obtained results can provide a guideline for the system operators to opt the most effective DR program.