Abstract
This paper proposes an estimation strategy in order to address two arising trends in Power System State Estimation (PSSE). Through a hybrid two-stage estimation architecture, high quality measurements gathered by PMUs can be incorporated into PSSE without excluding the widespread employed SCADA measurements. In the first stage of the proposed estimation architecture, SCADA and PMU measurements are individual processed by Maximum Correntropy-based estimators that replace conventional WLS-based methods. The second stage makes use of fusion methods to optimally combine the estimates provided by the individual estimators in order to enhance the quality of final estimates. This architecture allows the inclusion of the new class of measurement while making the whole process bad data-resilient, due to the outlier-rejection properties of Maximum Correntropy-based algorithms.

Abstract
This study is about leadership and more specifically it focuses on middle management, namely the marketing director. After a literature review, and a section explaining the methodology followed, the results of three separate studies are described. The first study is an autoethnographic essay by the author; the second study involved 14 interviews with specialists; and the third study involved a focus group with functional directors in a multinational with a presence in Portugal. The context is Portugal, a developed country, albeit one of the poorest in the European Union. The profile of a successful marketing director is developed, the role of digital technology is discussed, and the conclusion announced that there will be little loyalty towards the middle manager (the marketing director) as firm collaborators will want a higher salary, which will often mean occupying this leader’s job. On the other hand, the influence of digital technology is undeniable and is associated to a greater transparency and proximity both existent in the workplace today.

Abstract
In this chapter, we will describe methods based on simple measurements that allow one to acquire information of diverse nature. Regarding the characterization of optical clearing treatments and evaluation of their efficiency, we discuss a method to obtain the refractive index kinetics of the interstitial ground medium and another method to obtain the kinetics of the scattering properties of a tissue under study. The evaluation of the diffusion properties for the optical clearing agents and water involved in the fluxes between the tissue and the treating solution is also important. To obtain these properties, we describe in Sect. 6.4 a simple ex vivo method, which from collimated transmittance and thickness measurements allows one to estimate the diffusion time and the diffusion coefficient of these fluids. Such method can be used as a complementary diagnostic tool, since it allows also for discrimination between normal and pathological tissues. Also with the objective of obtaining physiological or pathological information from tissues, we describe in Sect. 6.5 the discovery of two new optical clearing windows in the ultraviolet range, which may turn possible the development of new diagnostic or treatment methodologies. © 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Abstract
Together with the increasing population and prosperity levels of the growing countries, the economic and technological developments and modernized lifestyles of the end users have increased their electrical, heating and cooling energy demands extraordinarily. These services are generally provided to the end users independently, which leads to considerable reductions in the system efficiencies. For the purpose of providing a decrease in the demands of the end users and to transfer the energy carriers to the end users in an integrated and more efficient way, the concept of multi energy systems (MESs) has emerged. MESs could be developed at a district level, a city level and lastly at a country level. In this paper, a smart neighborhood MES model is proposed with the aim of achieving cost optimization by mixed integer linear programming (MILP) based formulation considering a time-of-use (TOU) tariff. In order to testify the effectiveness of the proposed optimization algorithm, two different case studies are conducted by taking into account flexible energy production capability of different energy carriers.

Abstract
The use of underwater autonomous vehicles has been growing, allowing the performance of tasks that cause inherent risks to Human, namely in inspection processes near to structures. With growth in usage of systems with autonomous navigation, visual acquisition methods have also gotten more developed because, they have appealing cost and they also show interesting results when operate at a short distance. It is possible to improve the quality of navigation through visual SLAM techniques which can map and locate simultaneously and its key aspect is the detection of revisited areas. These techniques are not usually applied to underwater scenarios and, therefore, its performance in environment is unknown. The paper presents a more reliable navigation system for underwater vehicles, resorting to some visual SLAM techniques from literature. The results, conducted in a realistic scenario, demonstrated the ability of the system to be applied to underwater environment.

Abstract
Installation of new power generating units as backup black-start (BBS) sources is a vital issue to improve the acceleration of power network restoration, especially when a serious problem is occurred in main BS units (BSUs) and leads to fail in operation. Accordingly, this work address a new design for the optimal locating of the Gas-based Turbine (GT) as BBS to improve the smart grid performance during both restoration and normal conditions. To this end, there will be incompatible fitness functions to be minimized. Therefore, a multi-objective problem (MOP) including a mixed integer Nonlinear programming (MINLP), is formulated. The Pareto answers of the proposed MOP as the best solutions are modified and extracted by utilizing a meta-heuristic method, called crow search algorithm (CSA). A typical test system is employed for evaluation of the given plan. The extracted outcomes reveal that the network can desirably operate from this design not only to favorably enhance the capability of BSUs, but also to improve the power system performance in normal conditions. It also provides the better start-up program of non-black-start (NBS) power sources with the optimal paths during the restoration process.