Abstract
Currently, the transmission system operators (TSOs) from Portugal and Spain do not procure a frequency containment reserve (FCR) through market mechanisms. In this context, a virtual power plant (VPP) that aggregates sources, such as wind and solar power and hydrogen electrolyzers (HEs), would benefit from future participation in this ancillary service market. The methodology proposed in this paper allows for quantifying the revenues of a VPP that aggregates wind and solar power and HEs, considering the opportunity costs of these units when reserving power for FCR participation. The results were produced using real data from past FCR market sessions. Using market data from 2022, a VPP that aggregates half of the HEs and is expected to be connected in the country by 2025 will have revenues over EUR 800k, of which EUR 90k will be HEs revenues.

Abstract
Engineering plays a key role in society today, influencing social behaviour, economic systems, (un)sustainability and future construction. Faced with this central and powerful role of engineering, it is urgent to recognise the need for professionals in this area to be culturally competent and sociopolitically committed in the collective ethical construction of the common good. Engineering course curricula generally focus on technical-scientific training - as is the case in Portugal - not on including or valuing other educational dimensions (namely, social, ethical, cultural or political responsibility). However, to promote an ethically responsible and sustainable future, it is imperative that these dimensions are included in engineers' training, namely through ethical education that promotes a responsible professional practice that contributes to a viable common future. Intending to contribute to a culturally responsive engineering education, and to the development of the pedagogical dimension of the ethical education of engineering students, this study aims to develop a framework of the ethical skills necessary for the professional practice of engineering. The methodology used included a systematic literature review and document analysis. The developed framework allows systematising and interconnecting ethical skills, which can promote and facilitate the inclusion of ethical education in engineering courses. The framework helped to design a curricular module in engineering. It is a useful tool for professors of ethics in engineering, for those responsible for structuring engineering curriculum plans and for anyone responsible for enhancing this field of engineering education.

Abstract

Abstract
Modelling complex information systems often entails the need for dealing with scenarios of inconsistency in which several requirements either reinforce or contradict each other. This lecture summarises recent joint work with Juliana Cunha, Alexandre Madeira and Ana Cruz on a variant of transition systems endowed with positive and negative accessibility relations, and a metric space over the lattice of truth values. Such structures are called paraconsistent transition systems, the qualifier stressing a connection to paraconsistent logic, a logic taking inconsistent information as potentially informative. A coalgebraic perspective on this family of structures is also discussed. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

Abstract
All types of sports are potential application scenarios for automatic and real-time visual object and event detection. In rink hockey, the popular roller quad skate variant of hockey team sports, it is of great interest to automatically track player’s movements and positions, player’s sticks and, also, making other judgments, such as being able to locate the ball. In this work, we introduce a real-time pipeline composed by an object detection model, created specifically for rink hockey games, followed by a knowledge-based event detection module. Even in the presence of occlusions and quick motions, our deep learning object detection model effectively identifies and tracks, in real-time, important visual elements such as: ball; players; sticks; referees; crowd; goalkeeper; and goal. Using a curated dataset composed by a collection of videos of rink hockey, comprising 2525 annotated frames, we trained and evaluated the algorithm performance and compare it to state of the art object detection techniques. Our object detection model, based on YOLOv7, presents a global accuracy of 80%, and presents a good performance in terms of accuracy and speed, according to our results, making it a good choice for rink hockey applications. In our initial tests, the event detection module successfully detected one important event type in rink hockey games, the occurrence of penalties.

Abstract
This work delves into the crucial role of service quality in the water supply and sanitation sectur. Despite extensive research and implementation of quality management practices in this sector, a universally accepted definition of quality is still lacking, resulting in varikoza service quality assesunent procedures that are difficult to compam. To address this issue, the World Bank launched the Thility of the Future' (UoF) programme, aiming guide water service providers in their efforts to become future-focused utilities that offer reliable, safe, Inclusive, transparent, and resposesive services through best-fit practices. Building upon the Damework provided by the lof programme, this study proposes the Water Utility Service Quallity Index (WUSOI) composite Indicator that reflects the quality of service provided by water supply and sanitation utilities from a customer perspective. Based on Data Envelopment Analysis, the Benelli-of-the-Douht appenach is employed to assign weights for aggregating the indicators representing the diverse performance dimensions. The study operationalines the WUSOI to assess the quality of Purtuguese wholesale water and wastewater companies using data enflected by the national regulator of water and waste services. A Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis technique, the Deck of Cands method, is used to specify an indicator of transparency from the information made available by the regulated utilities. The results show the effectiveness of this tool for evaluating and measuring service quality at the company level. Additionally, the findings highlight areas for Improvement in the utilities' performance. By enabling companies and regulators to identify areas for improvement, the WUSOI can support the delivery of high-quality services to customers.